< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hrindaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *kret- (“to beat, strike, hit”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈxrin.dɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*hrindaną[1]
- to push, thrust
Inflection
Conjugation of *hrindaną (strong class 3)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *hrindō | *hrindaų | — | *hrindai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *hrindizi | *hrindaiz | *hrind | *hrindazai | *hrindaizau |
| 3rd singular | *hrindidi | *hrindai | *hrindadau | *hrindadai | *hrindaidau |
| 1st dual | *hrindōz | *hrindaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *hrindadiz | *hrindaidiz | *hrindadiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *hrindamaz | *hrindaim | — | *hrindandai | *hrindaindau |
| 2nd plural | *hrindid | *hrindaid | *hrindid | *hrindandai | *hrindaindau |
| 3rd plural | *hrindandi | *hrindain | *hrindandau | *hrindandai | *hrindaindau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *hrand | *hrundį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *hranst | *hrundīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *hrand | *hrundī | |||
| 1st dual | *hrundū | *hrundīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *hrundudiz | *hrundīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *hrundum | *hrundīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *hrundud | *hrundīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *hrundun | *hrundīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *hrindandz | *hrundanaz | |||
Derived terms
- *hrandijaną
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *hrindan
- Old English: hrindan
- Old Norse: hrinda
- Icelandic: hrinda
- Faroese: rinda
- Old Swedish: rinda
References
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*xrenđanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 185