Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hrefaz

< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hrefaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *krép-os ~ *krép-es-os, from *krep-. Cognate with Proto-Italic *korpos (“body”).[1]

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈxre.ɸɑz/

Noun

*hrefaz n[1]

1. body

   Synonyms: *būkaz, *līką

2. torso; stomach

   Synonyms: *būkaz, *ambô, *magô, *wambō

Inflection

z-stemDeclension of *hrefaz (z-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*hrefaz	*hrifizō
vocative	*hrefaz	*hrifizō
accusative	*hrefaz	*hrifizō
genitive	*hrifiziz	*hrifizǫ̂
dative	*hrifizi	*hrifizumaz
instrumental	*hrifizē	*hrifizumiz

Derived terms

• (possibly) *hrefalingaz (“a kind of shoe”)[2]

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *hrif
  • Old English: hrif
    • Middle English: *rif
      • English: riff
    • ⇒ Old English: midhrif
      • Middle English: midhrif, midrif, midref
        • English: midriff
  • Old Frisian: hrif, href
    • ⇒ Old Frisian: inhrif, inhref
    • ⇒ Old Frisian: midhrif, midhref
  • Old Saxon: *hrif
    • Middle Low German: rif, ref
      • ⇒ Middle Low German: middelrif
      • German Low German: Riff
  • Old Dutch: ref
    • Middle Dutch: *rif
      • Dutch: rif
      • ⇒ Middle Dutch: middelrif
        • Dutch: middenrif
  • Old High German: href

References

1. Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*hrefiz-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 244
2. Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*xrefaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 185: “*xrefalinʒaz”