Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hraukaz

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Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hraukaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Unknown; but apparently cognate with Lithuanian kruvà, krûvà (“pile, heap, stack”), Old Irish crúach (“stack of corn, rick”). Possibly Proto-Indo-European *krewH- (“to heap up”).[1][2]

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈxrɑu̯.kɑz/

Noun

*hraukaz m

1. pile (of stones); heap

   Synonym: *hrūgǭ

2. haystack

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *hraukaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*hraukaz	*hraukōz, *hraukōs
vocative	*hrauk	*hraukōz, *hraukōs
accusative	*hrauką	*hraukanz
genitive	*hraukas, *hraukis	*hraukǫ̂
dative	*hraukai	*hraukamaz
instrumental	*hraukō	*hraukamiz

Derived terms

• *hraukilaz

Related terms

• *hrugjaz (“back, spine, ridge”)
• *hrūgǭ (“heap, pile”)
• *hrukō

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *hrauk
  • Old English: hrēac, hrēc
    • Middle English: rek, reek, reke
      • English: reek, rick
      • Middle Scots: reek, rick
  • Old Saxon: hrōk
  • Old Dutch: *hrouk, *hrōk
    • Middle Dutch: rooc
      • Dutch: rook
• Old Norse: hraukr
  • Icelandic: hraukur
  • Faroese: reykur
  • Norwegian: rauk
  • Old Swedish: rø̄ker
    • Swedish: rök
  • Danish: røg
  • Westrobothnian: rauk
  • Gutnish: rauk
    • → Swedish: rauk
  • → Middle English: *rowk, roke, rooke
    • Scots: rowke, rouk, rook
•  ? Finnic:
  • → Estonian: rõuk
  • → Finnish: röykkiö, roukkio
  • → Ingrian: roukko
  • → Veps: rouk

References

1. Matasović, Ranko (2009), “krowko”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 226-27
2. Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1513