< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hratōną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *(s)krad-, *(s)kerd- (“to move, swing, spring”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈxrɑ.tɔː.nɑ̃/
Verb
*hratōną
- to swing; sway; shake.
- to stagger; stumble; tumble.
Inflection
Conjugation of *hratōną (weak class 2)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *hratō | *hratǭ | — | *hratōi | *? |
| 2nd singular | *hratōsi | *hratōs | *hratō | *hratōsai | *hratōsau |
| 3rd singular | *hratōþi | *hratō | *hratōþau | *hratōþai | *hratōþau |
| 1st dual | *hratōs | *hratōw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *hratōþiz | *hratōþiz | *hratōþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *hratōmaz | *hratōm | — | *hratōnþai | *hratōnþau |
| 2nd plural | *hratōþ | *hratōþ | *hratōþ | *hratōnþai | *hratōnþau |
| 3rd plural | *hratōnþi | *hratōn | *hratōnþau | *hratōnþai | *hratōnþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *hratōdǭ | *hratōdēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *hratōdēz | *hratōdēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *hratōdē | *hratōdēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *hratōdēdū | *hratōdēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *hratōdēdudiz | *hratōdēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *hratōdēdum | *hratōdēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *hratōdēdud | *hratōdēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *hratōdēdun | *hratōdēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *hratōndz | *hratōdaz | |||
Descendants
- Old English: hratian; (*hrætelian, *hrætlian)
- Middle English: (ratelen)
- English: (rattle)
- Middle English: (ratelen)
- Old Saxon: (*hratlōn)
- Middle Low German: (rettelen, *retelen, *ratelen, *rateren)
- Low German: (rateln, ratern)
- → German: (rattern)
- Middle Low German: (rettelen, *retelen, *ratelen, *rateren)
- Old Dutch: (*ratelon)
- Middle Dutch: (ratelen)
- Dutch: (ratelen)
- Middle Dutch: (ratelen)
- Old High German: *razzōn
- Middle High German: razzen; (razzeln)
- German: (rasseln)
- Middle High German: razzen; (razzeln)
- Old Norse: hrata
- Icelandic: hrata
- Norwegian: rate
- Swedish: rata
- Middle English: raten
- English: rate; berate