< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hrappijaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kreb- (“to turn, bend, shrink, rotate, touch, attack”). Cognate with Lithuanian krapštyti (“to pick, peck, scratch, claw”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈxrɑp.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*hrappijaną[1]
- to rush
- to grasp
Inflection
Conjugation of *hrappijaną (weak class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *hrappijō | *hrappijaų | — | *hrappijai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *hrappīsi | *hrappijais | *hrappī | *hrappijasai | *hrappijaisau |
| 3rd singular | *hrappīþi | *hrappijai | *hrappijaþau | *hrappijaþai | *hrappijaiþau |
| 1st dual | *hrappijōs | *hrappijaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *hrappijaþiz | *hrappijaiþiz | *hrappijaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *hrappijamaz | *hrappijaim | — | *hrappijanþai | *hrappijainþau |
| 2nd plural | *hrappīþ | *hrappijaiþ | *hrappīþ | *hrappijanþai | *hrappijainþau |
| 3rd plural | *hrappijanþi | *hrappijain | *hrappijanþau | *hrappijanþai | *hrappijainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *hrappidǭ | *hrappidēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *hrappidēz | *hrappidēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *hrappidē | *hrappidēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *hrappidēdū | *hrappidēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *hrappidēdudiz | *hrappidēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *hrappidēdum | *hrappidēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *hrappidēdud | *hrappidēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *hrappidēdun | *hrappidēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *hrappijandz | *hrappidaz | |||
Alternative reconstructions
- *hrapjaną[2]
Related terms
- *harpǭ
- *hrapōną
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *hrappijan
- Old English: hreppan, (hrepian)
- Middle English: repen
- English: repe; rap, rape (to scratch)
- Middle English: repen
- Old Frisian: *hreppa, reppa
- Saterland Frisian: räppe
- North Frisian: rippe
- West Frisian: reppe
- ⇒ Old Frisian: bihreppa
- Old Saxon: *hreppian
- Middle Low German: reppen
- Low German: reppen
- Middle Low German: reppen
- Old Dutch: *reppen
- Middle Dutch: reppen
- Dutch: reppen
- Middle Dutch: reppen
- Old High German: rapfen, rafen
- Old English: hreppan, (hrepian)
- Old Norse: hreppa
- Icelandic: hreppa
- Swedish: repa
References
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*xrappjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 184
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*hrapa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 243: “*hrapjan-”