< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hnippōną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Alternative reconstructions
- *hnippijaną[1]
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *knibʰ-néh₂-ti, an iterative verb from Proto-Indo-European *kneybʰ- (“to pinch, to squeeze”) which also gave rise to the strong verb *hnīpaną[2]. Compare Lithuanian kniẽbti and Latvian kniêbt (“to pinch”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈxnip.pɔː.nɑ̃/
Verb
*hnippōną[2]
- to pinch, to squeeze
- to prod, to poke
- to nip
Inflection
Conjugation of *hnippōną (weak class 2)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *hnippō | *hnippǭ | — | *hnippōi | ? |
| 2nd singular | *hnippōsi | *hnippōs | *hnippō | *hnippōsai | *hnippōsau |
| 3rd singular | *hnippōþi | *hnippō | *hnippōþau | *hnippōþai | *hnippōþau |
| 1st dual | *hnippōs | *hnippōw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *hnippōþiz | *hnippōþiz | *hnippōþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *hnippōmaz | *hnippōm | — | *hnippōnþai | *hnippōnþau |
| 2nd plural | *hnippōþ | *hnippōþ | *hnippōþ | *hnippōnþai | *hnippōnþau |
| 3rd plural | *hnippōnþi | *hnippōn | *hnippōnþau | *hnippōnþai | *hnippōnþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *hnippōdǭ | *hnippōdēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *hnippōdēz | *hnippōdēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *hnippōdē | *hnippōdēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *hnippōdēdū | *hnippōdēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *hnippōdēdudiz | *hnippōdēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *hnippōdēdum | *hnippōdēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *hnippōdēdud | *hnippōdēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *hnippōdēdun | *hnippōdēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *hnippōndz | *hnippōdaz | |||
Related terms
- *knīpaną
- *knippōną
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *hnippōn
- Old English: *hnippian
- Middle English: nippen (possibly loaned from Middle Dutch or Middle Low German instead)
- English: nip
- Middle English: nippen (possibly loaned from Middle Dutch or Middle Low German instead)
- Old Saxon: *hnippōn
- Middle Low German: nippen
- Low German: nippen
- → German: nippen
- → Norwegian Bokmål: nippe
- → Danish: nippe
- Middle Low German: nippen
- Old Dutch: *nippon
- Middle Dutch: nippen
- Dutch: nippen
- Middle Dutch: nippen
- Old High German: *nipfōn
- Middle High German: nipfen
- German: nipfen (dialectal)
- Middle High German: nipfen
- Old English: *hnippian
- Old Norse: hnippa
- Icelandic: hnippa
References
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*xnippjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 180
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*hnippōn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 236