< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hnawwaz
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Alternative forms
- *hnawwuz
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *knew- (“to scrape; scratch; rub”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈxnɑw.wɑz/
Adjective
*hnawwaz
- tight; narrow
- sparse; meager; lean; scarce
Inflection
Declension of *hnawwaz (a-stem)
| Strong declension | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *hnawwaz | *hnawwai | *hnawwō | *hnawwôz | *hnawwa | *hnawwō |
| Accusative | *hnawwanǭ | *hnawwanz | *hnawwǭ | *hnawwōz | *hnawwa | *hnawwō |
| Genitive | *hnawwas, -is | *hnawwaizǫ̂ | *hnawwaizōz | *hnawwaizǫ̂ | *hnawwas, -is | *hnawwaizǫ̂ |
| Dative | *hnawwammai | *hnawwaimaz | *hnawwaizōi | *hnawwaimaz | *hnawwammai | *hnawwaimaz |
| Instrumental | *hnawwanō | *hnawwaimiz | *hnawwaizō | *hnawwaimiz | *hnawwanō | *hnawwaimiz |
| Weak declension | ||||||
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *hnawwô | *hnawwaniz | *hnawwǭ | *hnawwōniz | *hnawwô | *hnawwōnō |
| Accusative | *hnawwanų | *hnawwanunz | *hnawwōnų | *hnawwōnunz | *hnawwô | *hnawwōnō |
| Genitive | *hnawwiniz | *hnawwanǫ̂ | *hnawwōniz | *hnawwōnǫ̂ | *hnawwiniz | *hnawwanǫ̂ |
| Dative | *hnawwini | *hnawwammaz | *hnawwōni | *hnawwōmaz | *hnawwini | *hnawwammaz |
| Instrumental | *hnawwinē | *hnawwammiz | *hnawwōnē | *hnawwōmiz | *hnawwinē | *hnawwammiz |
Related terms
- *hnēwwaz
- *hnewwaną
Descendants
- Old English: hnēaw
- Old Frisian: *nāu
- Saterland Frisian: nau
- West Frisian: nau
- Old Saxon: *hnauw
- Middle Low German: nouwe, nau
- German Low German: nau
- ⇒ Middle Low German: genouwe
- German Low German: genau
- → Saterland Frisian: gnau
- German Low German: genau
- Middle Low German: nouwe, nau
- Old Dutch: *nauw
- Middle Dutch: nauwe
- Dutch: nauw
- Middle Dutch: nauwe
- Old High German: *hnouw, *nouw
- Middle High German: nouwe, nou
- ⇒ Middle High German: genouwe, genoue
- German: genau
- ⇒ Middle High German: genouwe, genoue
- Middle High German: nouwe, nou
- Old Norse: hnøggr
- Icelandic: hnöggur
- Swedish: njugg
- → Middle English: nig, nigard
- English: niggard
- English: niggardly
- Scots: negart, niggard
- English: niggard