< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hnappōną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Pre-Germanic *knobʰnéh₂-, an o-grade iterative to Proto-Indo-European *knebʰ- (“to pick”). Related to Lithuanian knabt (“to peck”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈxnɑp.pɔː.nɑ̃/
Verb
*hnappōną
- to pick, pluck, tear off
Inflection
The original paradigm consisted of two stem variants, *hnapp- against *hnab-.
Conjugation of *hnappōną (weak class 2)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *hnappō | *hnappǭ | — | *hnappōi | ? |
| 2nd singular | *hnappōsi | *hnappōs | *hnappō | *hnappōsai | *hnappōsau |
| 3rd singular | *hnappōþi | *hnappō | *hnappōþau | *hnappōþai | *hnappōþau |
| 1st dual | *hnappōs | *hnappōw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *hnappōþiz | *hnappōþiz | *hnappōþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *hnappōmaz | *hnappōm | — | *hnappōnþai | *hnappōnþau |
| 2nd plural | *hnappōþ | *hnappōþ | *hnappōþ | *hnappōnþai | *hnappōnþau |
| 3rd plural | *hnappōnþi | *hnappōn | *hnappōnþau | *hnappōnþai | *hnappōnþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *hnappōdǭ | *hnappōdēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *hnappōdēz | *hnappōdēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *hnappōdē | *hnappōdēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *hnappōdēdū | *hnappōdēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *hnappōdēdudiz | *hnappōdēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *hnappōdēdum | *hnappōdēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *hnappōdēdud | *hnappōdēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *hnappōdēdun | *hnappōdēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *hnappōndz | *hnappōdaz | |||
Related terms
- *hnuppōną
Descendants
- (possibly) English: nap, nab
- Old Norse: *hnappa
- Norwegian: nappe (dialectal)
- Norwegian Bokmål: nappe (dialectal)
- Old Swedish: nappa
- Swedish: nappa
- → Finnic:[1]
- Estonian: nappama (dialectal)
- Finnish: napata
- Ingrian: napata
- Karelian: ńapata
- Norwegian: nappe (dialectal)
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- Itkonen, Erkki; Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000) Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words] (in Finnish), [note: linked online version also includes some other etymological sources], Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN