< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hnaisijaną
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From *hnaisō (“disgrace, shame”) + *-janą
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈhnɑi.si.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*hnaisijaną[1]
- to shame, to disgrace
Inflection
Conjugation of *hnaisijaną (weak class 1)
active voice | passive voice | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
1st singular | *hnaisijō | *hnaisijaų | — | *hnaisijai | *? |
2nd singular | *hnaisīsi | *hnaisijais | *hnaisī | *hnaisijasai | *hnaisijaisau |
3rd singular | *hnaisīþi | *hnaisijai | *hnaisijaþau | *hnaisijaþai | *hnaisijaiþau |
1st dual | *hnaisijōs | *hnaisijaiw | — | — | — |
2nd dual | *hnaisijaþiz | *hnaisijaiþiz | *hnaisijaþiz | — | — |
1st plural | *hnaisijamaz | *hnaisijaim | — | *hnaisijanþai | *hnaisijainþau |
2nd plural | *hnaisīþ | *hnaisijaiþ | *hnaisīþ | *hnaisijanþai | *hnaisijainþau |
3rd plural | *hnaisijanþi | *hnaisijain | *hnaisijanþau | *hnaisijanþai | *hnaisijainþau |
past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
1st singular | *hnaisidǭ | *hnaisidēdį̄ | |||
2nd singular | *hnaisidēz | *hnaisidēdīz | |||
3rd singular | *hnaisidē | *hnaisidēdī | |||
1st dual | *hnaisidēdū | *hnaisidēdīw | |||
2nd dual | *hnaisidēdudiz | *hnaisidēdīdiz | |||
1st plural | *hnaisidēdum | *hnaisidēdīm | |||
2nd plural | *hnaisidēdud | *hnaisidēdīd | |||
3rd plural | *hnaisidēdun | *hnaisidēdīn | |||
present | past | ||||
participles | *hnaisijandz | *hnaisidaz |
Descendants
- West Germanic: *hnaisijan
- Old High German: *neisen
- Middle High German: neisen
- Old High German: *neisen
- Old Norse: hneisa
References
- Orel, Vladimir (2003) , “*xnaisjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 179