< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hluppōną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From zero-grade iterative of *hlaupaną (“to leap, jump”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈxlup.pɔː.nɑ̃/
Verb
*hluppōną
- to leap, run
Inflection
The original paradigm consisted of two stem variants, *hlupp- against *hlub-.
Conjugation of *hluppōną (weak class 2)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *hluppō | *hluppǭ | — | *hluppōi | ? |
| 2nd singular | *hluppōsi | *hluppōs | *hluppō | *hluppōsai | *hluppōsau |
| 3rd singular | *hluppōþi | *hluppō | *hluppōþau | *hluppōþai | *hluppōþau |
| 1st dual | *hluppōs | *hluppōw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *hluppōþiz | *hluppōþiz | *hluppōþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *hluppōmaz | *hluppōm | — | *hluppōnþai | *hluppōnþau |
| 2nd plural | *hluppōþ | *hluppōþ | *hluppōþ | *hluppōnþai | *hluppōnþau |
| 3rd plural | *hluppōnþi | *hluppōn | *hluppōnþau | *hluppōnþai | *hluppōnþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *hluppōdǭ | *hluppōdēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *hluppōdēz | *hluppōdēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *hluppōdē | *hluppōdēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *hluppōdēdū | *hluppōdēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *hluppōdēdudiz | *hluppōdēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *hluppōdēdum | *hluppōdēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *hluppōdēdud | *hluppōdēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *hluppōdēdun | *hluppōdēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *hluppōndz | *hluppōdaz | |||
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *hloppōn
- >? Old English: *hlopian
- >? Middle English: lopen (usually adduced from loup, but can continue *hlupōną as well)
- >? English: lope
- >? Middle English: lopen (usually adduced from loup, but can continue *hlupōną as well)
- Old Saxon: *loppon
- Middle Low German: loppen
- Old Dutch: *loppon
- Middle Dutch: loppen
- Old High German: loffōn
- >? Old English: *hlopian
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN