< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hlināną
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *ḱley- (“to lean”). Cognate with Latin clīnō (“slope, incline, bend”), Ancient Greek κλίνω (klínō, “bend, slant, lean”).
Verb
*hlināną[1]
- to lean
Inflection
Conjugation of *hlināną (weak class 3)
active voice | passive voice | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
1st singular | *hlinō | ? | — | ? | ? |
2nd singular | *hlinaisi | ? | *hlinai | *hlināsai | ? |
3rd singular | *hlinaiþi | ? | *hlināþau | *hlināþai | ? |
1st dual | *hlinōs | ? | — | — | — |
2nd dual | *hlināþiz | ? | *hlināþiz | — | — |
1st plural | *hlināmaz | ? | — | *hlinānþai | ? |
2nd plural | *hlinaiþ | ? | *hlinaiþ | *hlinānþai | ? |
3rd plural | *hlinānþi | ? | *hlinānþau | *hlinānþai | ? |
past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
1st singular | *hlinadǭ | *hlinadēdį̄ | |||
2nd singular | *hlinadēz | *hlinadēdīz | |||
3rd singular | *hlinadē | *hlinadēdī | |||
1st dual | *hlinadēdū | *hlinadēdīw | |||
2nd dual | *hlinadēdudiz | *hlinadēdīdiz | |||
1st plural | *hlinadēdum | *hlinadēdīm | |||
2nd plural | *hlinadēdud | *hlinadēdīd | |||
3rd plural | *hlinadēdun | *hlinadēdīn | |||
present | past | ||||
participles | *hlināndz | *hlinadaz |
Alternative reconstructions
- *hlinōną[2]
Related terms
- *hlainijaną
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *hlinēn
- Old English: hleonian, hlinian
- Middle English: leonien, lenen
- Scots: lene, leyn
- English: lean
- Middle English: leonien, lenen
- Old Frisian: *hlinia
- Saterland Frisian: lienje
- West Frisian: lynje
- Old Saxon: hlinōn
- Middle Low German: lēnen
- German Low German: lehnen
- Middle Low German: lēnen
- Old Dutch: *hlinon, *linon
- Middle Dutch: lēnen
- Dutch: leunen
- → West Frisian: leune
- Dutch: leunen
- Middle Dutch: lēnen
- Old High German: hlinēn, linēn
- Middle High German: lënen, linen
- German: lehnen
- Middle High German: lënen, linen
- Old English: hleonian, hlinian
- Old Norse: *hlina
- Norwegian: lina (dialectal)
Further reading
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*hlinēn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 231
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*xlinōjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 177