< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hleutaną
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *(s)klēw-, *(s)klew- (“hook; to hook; to check, hamper, hem in; to shut, close, lock”), a root that seems unattested outside Germanic.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈxleu̯.tɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*hleutaną[1][2]
- to cast lots
- to be alotted
- to obtain by lot, to beget, to acquire
Inflection
Conjugation of *hleutaną (strong class 2)
active voice | passive voice | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
1st singular | *hleutō | *hleutaų | — | *hleutai | ? |
2nd singular | *hliutizi | *hleutaiz | *hleut | *hleutazai | *hleutaizau |
3rd singular | *hliutidi | *hleutai | *hleutadau | *hleutadai | *hleutaidau |
1st dual | *hleutōz | *hleutaiw | — | — | — |
2nd dual | *hleutadiz | *hleutaidiz | *hleutadiz | — | — |
1st plural | *hleutamaz | *hleutaim | — | *hleutandai | *hleutaindau |
2nd plural | *hliutid | *hleutaid | *hliutid | *hleutandai | *hleutaindau |
3rd plural | *hleutandi | *hleutain | *hleutandau | *hleutandai | *hleutaindau |
past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
1st singular | *hlaut | *hlutį̄ | |||
2nd singular | *hlaust | *hlutīz | |||
3rd singular | *hlaut | *hlutī | |||
1st dual | *hlutū | *hlutīw | |||
2nd dual | *hlutudiz | *hlutīdiz | |||
1st plural | *hlutum | *hlutīm | |||
2nd plural | *hlutud | *hlutīd | |||
3rd plural | *hlutun | *hlutīn | |||
present | past | ||||
participles | *hleutandz | *hlutanaz |
Synonyms
- *hlutōną
Related terms
- *hlautiz
- *hlutą
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *hleutan
- Old English: hlēotan
- Old Saxon: hliotan
- Old High German: hliozan, liozan
- Middle High German: liezen
- Old Norse: hljóta
- Icelandic: hljóta
- Faroese: ljóta
- Old Swedish: liūta
- Swedish: ljuta
- Westrobothnian: ljuut, līot
- →? Proto-Finnic: *leütädäk
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*hleutan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 230
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*xleutanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 176