Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hlaþaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂- (“to put, lay out”). Cognate with Lithuanian klṓti (“to lay, lay out, spread, pave”), Russian клад (klad, “treasure”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈxlɑ.θɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*hlaþaną

to load

Inflection

Conjugation of *hlaþaną (strong class 6)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*hlaþō	*hlaþaų	—	*hlaþai	*?
2nd singular	*hlaþizi	*hlaþaiz	*hlaþ	*hlaþazai	*hlaþaizau
3rd singular	*hlaþidi	*hlaþai	*hlaþadau	*hlaþadai	*hlaþaidau
1st dual	*hlaþōz	*hlaþaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*hlaþadiz	*hlaþaidiz	*hlaþadiz	—	—
1st plural	*hlaþamaz	*hlaþaim	—	*hlaþandai	*hlaþaindau
2nd plural	*hlaþid	*hlaþaid	*hlaþid	*hlaþandai	*hlaþaindau
3rd plural	*hlaþandi	*hlaþain	*hlaþandau	*hlaþandai	*hlaþaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*hlōþ	*hlōdį̄
2nd singular	*hlōst	*hlōdīz
3rd singular	*hlōþ	*hlōdī
1st dual	*hlōdū	*hlōdīw
2nd dual	*hlōdudiz	*hlōdīdiz
1st plural	*hlōdum	*hlōdīm
2nd plural	*hlōdud	*hlōdīd
3rd plural	*hlōdun	*hlōdīn

	present	past
participles	*hlaþandz	*hladanaz

Derived terms

*hladą
*hlastuz
*hlōdijaną

Related terms

*hlassą

Descendants

Old English: hladan
- Middle English: laden
  - Scots: lade, laid
  - English: lade
Old Saxon: hladan
- Middle Low German: lāden
  - Low German: laden
Old Dutch: *ladan
- Middle Dutch: lāden
  - Dutch: laden
    - Afrikaans: laai
Old High German: hladan, ladan
- Middle High German: laden
  - German: laden
  - Luxembourgish: lueden
Old Norse: hlaða
- Icelandic: hlaða
- Faroese: laða
- Norwegian: lada, lade
- Old Swedish: laþa
  - Swedish: ladda
- Danish: lade
- Elfdalian: leða
- Westrobothnian: lada, lädi
Gothic: *𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌸𐌰𐌽 (*hlaþan)