< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hlaupaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *klewb- (“to spring, stumble”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈxlɑu̯.pɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*hlaupaną
- to jump forward, to leap
Inflection
Conjugation of *hlaupaną (strong class 7)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *hlaupō | *hlaupaų | — | *hlaupai | *? |
| 2nd singular | *hlaupizi | *hlaupaiz | *hlaup | *hlaupazai | *hlaupaizau |
| 3rd singular | *hlaupidi | *hlaupai | *hlaupadau | *hlaupadai | *hlaupaidau |
| 1st dual | *hlaupōz | *hlaupaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *hlaupadiz | *hlaupaidiz | *hlaupadiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *hlaupamaz | *hlaupaim | — | *hlaupandai | *hlaupaindau |
| 2nd plural | *hlaupid | *hlaupaid | *hlaupid | *hlaupandai | *hlaupaindau |
| 3rd plural | *hlaupandi | *hlaupain | *hlaupandau | *hlaupandai | *hlaupaindau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *hlehlaup | *hlehlaupį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *hlehlauft | *hlehlaupīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *hlehlaup | *hlehlaupī | |||
| 1st dual | *hlehlaupū | *hlehlaupīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *hlehlaupudiz | *hlehlaupīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *hlehlaupum | *hlehlaupīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *hlehlaupud | *hlehlaupīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *hlehlaupun | *hlehlaupīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *hlaupandz | *hlaupanaz | |||
Related terms
- *hlaupiz
- *hlaupōną
- *hluppōną
Descendants
- Old English: hlēapan
- Middle English: lepen
- English: leap
- Scots: lepe, leip, leap
- Middle English: lepen
- Old Frisian: hlāpa
- Saterland Frisian: loope
- West Frisian: ljeppe
- Old Saxon: hlōpan
- Middle Low German: lôpen
- Low German: lopen
- Middle Low German: lôpen
- Old Dutch: lōpan
- Middle Dutch: lôpen
- Dutch: lopen
- Afrikaans: loop
- Limburgish: loupe
- Dutch: lopen
- → Central Franconian: loope
- Middle Dutch: lôpen
- Old High German: hloufan, loufan
- Middle High German: loufen
- Alemannic German: laufe, lauffe, loufe
- Swabian: laufe
- Vorarlbergisch: loufa
- Bavarian: laffa
- Cimbrian: loavan, lóofan
- Central Franconian: loofe, laafe
- Kölsch: laufe, loufe
- East Central German:
- Erzgebirgisch: laafn
- Upper Saxon: loofen
- German: laufen
- Luxembourgish: lafen
- Rhine Franconian:
- Pennsylvania German: laafe
- Yiddish: לויפֿן (loyfn)
- Alemannic German: laufe, lauffe, loufe
- Middle High German: loufen
- Old Norse: hlaupa
- Icelandic: hlaupa
- Faroese: leypa
- Norn: lopa
- Norwegian: løpe, laupa
- Old Swedish: lø̄pa
- Swedish: löpa
- → Elfdalian: löpa
- Swedish: löpa
- Old Danish: løpæ
- Danish: løbe
- Westrobothnian: lǫup’
- Elfdalian: lopa
- Gutnish: laupe
- Scanian: lǿba
- → Middle English: lopen
- English: lope
- Scots: loup, lowp
- Gothic: *𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌰𐌽 (*hlaupan) (in 𐌿𐍃𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌰𐌽 (ushlaupan)