< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hlammōną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
An iterative formation to Proto-Indo-European *kelh₁- (“to sound”), closely related to the strong verb *hlimmaną.[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈxlam.mɔː.nɑ̃/
Verb
*hlammōną[1][2]
- to sound, to rumble, to roar
Inflection
The original paradigm consisted of two stem variants, *hlamm- against *hlam-.
Conjugation of *hlammōną (weak class 2)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *hlammō | *hlammǭ | — | *hlammōi | *? |
| 2nd singular | *hlammōsi | *hlammōs | *hlammō | *hlammōsai | *hlammōsau |
| 3rd singular | *hlammōþi | *hlammō | *hlammōþau | *hlammōþai | *hlammōþau |
| 1st dual | *hlammōs | *hlammōw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *hlammōþiz | *hlammōþiz | *hlammōþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *hlammōmaz | *hlammōm | — | *hlammōnþai | *hlammōnþau |
| 2nd plural | *hlammōþ | *hlammōþ | *hlammōþ | *hlammōnþai | *hlammōnþau |
| 3rd plural | *hlammōnþi | *hlammōn | *hlammōnþau | *hlammōnþai | *hlammōnþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *hlammōdǭ | *hlammōdēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *hlammōdēz | *hlammōdēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *hlammōdē | *hlammōdēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *hlammōdēdū | *hlammōdēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *hlammōdēdudiz | *hlammōdēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *hlammōdēdum | *hlammōdēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *hlammōdēdud | *hlammōdēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *hlammōdēdun | *hlammōdēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *hlammōndz | *hlammōdaz | |||
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *hlamōn
- Old Saxon: hlamōn
- Old High German: lamōn, hlamōn
- Old Norse: hlamma
References
- Guus Kroonen, “Reflections on the o/zero-Ablaut in the Germanic Iterative Verbs”, in The Indo-European Verb: Proceedings of the Conference of the Society for Indo-European Studies, Los Angeles, 13-15 September 2010, Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, 2012, pages 199, *hlam(m)ōn-
- Orel, Vladimir (2003) , “*xlam(m)ōjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 174