< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hlainijaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
Causative of *hlināną (“to lean”), which is a stative of an old nasal present from Proto-Indo-European *ḱley- (“to lean”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈxlɑi̯.ni.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*hlainijaną[1]
- (transitive) to lean, cause to lean
Inflection
Conjugation of *hlainijaną (weak class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *hlainijō | *hlainijaų | — | *hlainijai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *hlainīsi | *hlainijais | *hlainī | *hlainijasai | *hlainijaisau |
| 3rd singular | *hlainīþi | *hlainijai | *hlainijaþau | *hlainijaþai | *hlainijaiþau |
| 1st dual | *hlainijōs | *hlainijaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *hlainijaþiz | *hlainijaiþiz | *hlainijaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *hlainijamaz | *hlainijaim | — | *hlainijanþai | *hlainijainþau |
| 2nd plural | *hlainīþ | *hlainijaiþ | *hlainīþ | *hlainijanþai | *hlainijainþau |
| 3rd plural | *hlainijanþi | *hlainijain | *hlainijanþau | *hlainijanþai | *hlainijainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *hlainidǭ | *hlainidēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *hlainidēz | *hlainidēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *hlainidē | *hlainidēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *hlainidēdū | *hlainidēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *hlainidēdudiz | *hlainidēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *hlainidēdum | *hlainidēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *hlainidēdud | *hlainidēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *hlainidēdun | *hlainidēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *hlainijandz | *hlainidaz | |||
Derived terms
- *hlainisōną
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *hlainijan
- Old English: hlǣnan
- Middle English: lenen
- Scots: lene, leyn
- English: lean
- Middle English: lenen
- Old Saxon: *hlēnian
- Middle Low German: lênen, lȫnen
- German Low German: lehnen
- Middle Low German: lênen, lȫnen
- Old Dutch: lēnen
- Middle Dutch: lênen, leinen
- Dutch: leunen
- Middle Dutch: lênen, leinen
- Old High German: hleinen
- Middle High German: leinen
- German: leinen, lehnen
- Middle High German: leinen
- Old English: hlǣnan
- Old Norse: *hleina
- Danish: læne
- Swedish: läna
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*hlainjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 228