< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hauzijaną
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ḱh₂owsyéti (“to be sharp-eared”), from *h₂eḱ- (“sharp”) + *h₂ows- (“ear”) + *-yéti (denominative suffix).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈxɑu̯.zi.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*hauzijaną[1][2]
- to hear
Inflection
Conjugation of *hauzijaną (weak class 1)
active voice | passive voice | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
1st singular | *hauzijō | *hauzijaų | — | *hauzijai | ? |
2nd singular | *hauzīsi | *hauzijais | *hauzī | *hauzijasai | *hauzijaisau |
3rd singular | *hauzīþi | *hauzijai | *hauzijaþau | *hauzijaþai | *hauzijaiþau |
1st dual | *hauzijōs | *hauzijaiw | — | — | — |
2nd dual | *hauzijaþiz | *hauzijaiþiz | *hauzijaþiz | — | — |
1st plural | *hauzijamaz | *hauzijaim | — | *hauzijanþai | *hauzijainþau |
2nd plural | *hauzīþ | *hauzijaiþ | *hauzīþ | *hauzijanþai | *hauzijainþau |
3rd plural | *hauzijanþi | *hauzijain | *hauzijanþau | *hauzijanþai | *hauzijainþau |
past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
1st singular | *hauzidǭ | *hauzidēdį̄ | |||
2nd singular | *hauzidēz | *hauzidēdīz | |||
3rd singular | *hauzidē | *hauzidēdī | |||
1st dual | *hauzidēdū | *hauzidēdīw | |||
2nd dual | *hauzidēdudiz | *hauzidēdīdiz | |||
1st plural | *hauzidēdum | *hauzidēdīm | |||
2nd plural | *hauzidēdud | *hauzidēdīd | |||
3rd plural | *hauzidēdun | *hauzidēdīn | |||
present | past | ||||
participles | *hauzijandz | *hauzidaz |
Derived terms
- *gahauzijaną
- *hauzikōną
- *hauzīniz
- *hauzakōną (with intensive -k-)
- Old English: *hercian
- Middle English: herken
- English: heark, hark
- Scots: herk, hark
- ⇒ Old English: hercnian, heorcnian, hyrcnian (suffixed)
- Middle English: herknen
- English: hearken, harken
- Scots: herkin, hearken, harkin
- Middle English: herknen
- Middle English: herken
- Old Frisian: hērkia, harkia
- North Frisian: harke
- West Frisian: harkje
- Old Saxon: *hōrkian, *hōrkōn
- Middle Low German: horken
- Old Dutch: *hōrken, *hōrkon
- Middle Dutch: horken, harken
- Old High German: *hōrahhōn, hōrechen
- Middle High German: horchen, hōrchen
- German: horchen
- Middle High German: horchen, hōrchen
- Old English: *hercian
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *hauʀijan
- Old English: hīeran, hȳran, hēran
- Middle English: heren
- English: hear
- Scots: her, hear
- Yola: hert (preterite)
- Middle English: heren
- Old Frisian: hēra, heera
- Saterland Frisian: here
- West Frisian: hearre
- Old Saxon: hōrian
- Middle Low German: hōren
- Low German: hören, höörn
- Plautdietsch: hieren
- Middle Low German: hōren
- Old Dutch: *hōren
- Middle Dutch: hôren
- Dutch: horen
- Afrikaans: hoor
- Berbice Creole Dutch: horo
- Jersey Dutch: hôre
- Negerhollands: hoor
- → Virgin Islands Creole: hoor (dated)
- Skepi Creole Dutch: hoar
- Limburgish: huuere, heure
- Dutch: horen
- Middle Dutch: hôren
- Old High German: hōren
- Middle High German: hœren
- Cimbrian: hòrran, höarn
- Central Franconian: hüre, hiere
- Hunsrik: heere
- Luxembourgish: héieren
- German: hören
- Vilamovian: hüchia
- Yiddish: הערן (hern)
- Middle High German: hœren
- Old English: hīeran, hȳran, hēran
- Old Norse: heyra
- Icelandic: heyra
- Faroese: hoyra
- Norn: høra
- Norwegian Nynorsk: høyra; (dialectal) haura
- Elfdalian: ära
- Westrobothnian: höir, haair, hooir, håir
- Old Swedish: hø̄ra
- Swedish: höra
- Scanian: høra
- Old Danish: hø̄ræ
- Danish: høre
- Norwegian Bokmål: høre
- Danish: høre
- Old Gutnish: hoyra
- Gutnish: håire
- Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽 (hausjan)
Further reading
- Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*hauzjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 217
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*xausjanan ~ *xauzjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 167