Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hataz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱeh₂d- (“strong emotion”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈxɑ.tɑz/

Noun

*hataz n

hate

Inflection

z-stemDeclension of *hataz (z-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*hataz	*hatizō
vocative	*hataz	*hatizō
accusative	*hataz	*hatizō
genitive	*hatiziz	*hatizǫ̂
dative	*hatizi	*hatizumaz
instrumental	*hatizē	*hatizumiz

Derived terms

*hatāną
*hatjaną

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *hati m
- Old English: hete
  - Middle English: hete, het; hate, ate, haate, hat, hatte (influenced by the verb)
    - English: hate
    - Scots: hate, hait, heit
- Old Frisian: hat
  - West Frisian: haat
- Old Saxon: *hat, heti
  - Middle Low German: hat, hāte
    - German Low German: Haat
    - Plautdietsch: Hot
- Old Dutch: *hat
  - Middle Dutch: hat, hāte
    - Dutch: haat
      - Afrikaans: haat
    - Limburgish: haat
- Old High German: haz
  - Middle High German: haz
    - German: Hass
    - Luxembourgish: Haass
  - Yiddish: האַס‎ (has)
- → Vulgar Latin: *hatina
  - Old French: haine, haïne; haïnus, haïnos
    - Bourguignon: haine
    - Middle French: haine; haineux, haigneux
      - French: haine; haineux
    - → Middle English: heinous, hainous
      - English: heinous
Old Norse: hatr
- Icelandic: hatur
- Faroese: hatur
- Norwegian: hat
- Old Swedish: hat
  - Swedish: hat
- Danish: had
Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐍄𐌹𐍃 (hatis)