Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/handuz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Uncertain. Conjectured to be from Pre-Germanic *(k/ḱ)ontús, related to and possibly derived from the strong verb *hinþaną (“to reach for, obtain”).[1] Alternatively, it has been suggested to derive from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥t, possibly from *ḱomt (“hand”) (whence *déḱm̥). Finally, it is often considered of non Indo-European origin.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈxɑn.duz/

Noun

*handuz f

hand

Inflection

u-stemDeclension of *handuz (u-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*handuz	*handiwiz
vocative	*handu	*handiwiz
accusative	*handų	*handunz
genitive	*handauz	*handiwǫ̂
dative	*handiwi	*handumaz
instrumental	*handū	*handumiz

Derived terms

*abahandijaz
*anahandijaz
*handijaną
*handlōną
*handubanô
*handulamaz
*handulausaz
*handugaz
*handumaginą
*handusahsą
*handuwerką
*handuwurhtaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *handu
- Old English: hand, hond
  - Middle English: hond, hand
    - English: hand
    - Scots: hand, haund
    - Yola: hoane
- Old Frisian: hond, hand
  - North Frisian:
    - Föhr-Amrum: hun
    - Hallig: höön
    - Heligoland: Hun
    - Mooring: hönj
    - North Goesharde: houn
  - Saterland Frisian: Hounde
  - West Frisian: hân
- Old Saxon: hand
  - Middle Low German: hant
    - German Low German: Hand
      Westphalian:
      Westmünsterländisch: Hand
      Lippisch: Hand
      Ravensbergisch: Hand
    - Plautdietsch: Haunt
- Old Dutch: hant
  - Middle Dutch: hant
    - Dutch: hand
    - Limburgish: handj
    - Zealandic: and
- Old High German: hant
  - Middle High German: hant
    - Bavarian: Hond
      Cimbrian: hant
      Mòcheno: hònt
    - German: Hand
    - Hunsrik: Hand
    - Luxembourgish: Hand
    - Vilamovian: haond
    - Yiddish: האַנט‎ (hant)
Old Norse: hǫnd, hand
- Icelandic: hönd
- Faroese: hond
- Norn: hanjd
- Norwegian Nynorsk: hand, hond
  - → Norwegian Bokmål: hand
- Elfdalian: and
- Old Swedish: hand
  - Swedish: hand
- Old Danish: haand
  - Danish: hånd
    - Norwegian Bokmål: hånd
- Gutnish: hand
Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌿𐍃 (handus)
Crimean Gothic: handa

References

Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN