< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/handugaz
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From *handuz + *-gaz.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈxɑn.du.ɣɑz/
Adjective
*handugaz
- handy; skillful with the hands; dextrous
Inflection
Declension of *handugaz (a-stem)
| Strong declension | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *handugaz | *handugai | *handugō | *handugôz | *handugą, -atō | *handugō |
| Accusative | *handuganǭ | *handuganz | *handugǭ | *handugōz | *handugą, -atō | *handugō |
| Genitive | *handugas, -is | *handugaizǫ̂ | *handugaizōz | *handugaizǫ̂ | *handugas, -is | *handugaizǫ̂ |
| Dative | *handugammai | *handugaimaz | *handugaizōi | *handugaimaz | *handugammai | *handugaimaz |
| Instrumental | *handuganō | *handugaimiz | *handugaizō | *handugaimiz | *handuganō | *handugaimiz |
| Weak declension | ||||||
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *handugô | *handuganiz | *handugǭ | *handugōniz | *handugô | *handugōnō |
| Accusative | *handuganų | *handuganunz | *handugōnų | *handugōnunz | *handugô | *handugōnō |
| Genitive | *handuginiz | *handuganǫ̂ | *handugōniz | *handugōnǫ̂ | *handuginiz | *handuganǫ̂ |
| Dative | *handugini | *handugammaz | *handugōni | *handugōmaz | *handugini | *handugammaz |
| Instrumental | *handuginē | *handugammiz | *handugōnē | *handugōmiz | *handuginē | *handugammiz |
Derived terms
- *handugį̄
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *handug, *handag, *handīg
- Old English: *hendiġ
- Middle English: hendi, handy
- Scots: handy
- English: handy
- ⇒ Old English: listhendiġ
- Middle English: hendi, handy
- Old Frisian: *handich, *hondich
- Saterland Frisian: handich, houndich
- West Frisian: handich
- Old Saxon: *handig, *hendig
- Middle Low German: handich, hendich
- German Low German: handig
- → Saterland Frisian: jäntich
- → Norwegian Bokmål: hendig
- → Norwegian Nynorsk: hendig
- → Swedish: händig
- → Danish: hændig
- → Faroese: hendigur
- Middle Low German: handich, hendich
- Old Dutch: *handig
- Middle Dutch: handich
- Dutch: handig
- Middle Dutch: handich
- Old High German: hantag, hantīg
- Middle High German: handec, hendec, handic, hantic
- German: handig, händig
- Middle High German: handec, hendec, handic, hantic
- Old English: *hendiġ
- Old Norse: hǫndugr
- Icelandic: höndugur
- Faroese: handigur
- Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌿𐌲𐍃 (handugs)
- → Proto-Slavic: *xǫdogъjь, *xǫdogъ
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: худогъ (xudogŭ), художьникъ (xudožĭnikŭ)
- Russian: худо́жник (xudóžnik)
- Old East Slavic: худогъ (xudogŭ), художьникъ (xudožĭnikŭ)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: хѫдожьство (xǫdožĭstvo), Old Church Slavonic: хѫдожьствиѥ (xǫdožĭstvije)
- → Russian: художество (xudožestvo)
- Bulgarian: художество (hudožestvo)
- Old Church Slavonic: хѫдожьство (xǫdožĭstvo), Old Church Slavonic: хѫдожьствиѥ (xǫdožĭstvije)
- West Slavic:
- Polish: chędogi
- East Slavic:
References
- Pronk-Tiethoff, Saskia E. (2013) The Germanic loanwords in Proto-Slavic (in English), Amsterdam - New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 155