Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hamô

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Proto-Finnic *haama (see Finnish haamu).[1]Or inherited from Proto-Indo-European *ḱom-on-, from *ḱom-, and related to Sanskrit शामुल्य (śāmulya, “shirt”).

Noun

*hamô m

cover, skin

Inflection

masculine an-stemDeclension of *hamô (masculine an-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*hamô	*hamaniz
vocative	*hamô	*hamaniz
accusative	*hamanų	*hamanunz
genitive	*haminiz	*hamanǫ̂
dative	*hamini	*hamammaz
instrumental	*haminē	*hamammiz

Derived terms

*līkahamô

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *hamō
- Old English: homa, hama
  - Middle English: hame, haum
    - English: hame, heam
Old Norse: *hami, hamr
- Icelandic: hamur
- Faroese: hamur
- Danish: ham
- Norwegian Bokmål: ham
- Norwegian Nynorsk: ham
- Swedish: hamn

Etymology 2

From the same source as Etymology 1 above; also compare *hamiþiją (“shirt”).

Noun

*hamô m[2][3]

clothes, skirt, fishnet
harness, collar for a horse

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *hamō
- Old Frisian: hama, homa
  - North Frisian: hame
- Old Saxon: hamo
  - Middle Low German: hame, ham
- Old Dutch: *hamo
  - Middle Dutch: hame
    - Dutch: haam, ham
    - → Middle English: hame
      - English: hame
      - Scots: hame
- Old High German: hamo
  - Middle High German: hame, ham
    - German: Hame, Hamen, Ham (dialectal)
Gothic: *𐌷𐌰𐌼𐍉 (*hamō)
- ⇒ Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌼𐍉𐌽 (gahamōn)

References

Hyllested, Adam (2014) Word Exchange at the Gates of Europe: Five Millennia of Language Contact (Thesis)‎, Det Humanistiske Fakultet, Københavns Universitet
Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*haman-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 206
van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “haam1”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute

[1] Hyllested, Adam (2014) Word Exchange at the Gates of Europe: Five Millennia of Language Contact (Thesis)‎, Det Humanistiske Fakultet, Københavns Universitet

[2] Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*haman-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 206

[3] van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “haam1”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute