< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hakkōną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Alternative forms
- *hakōną
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *keg-, *keng- (“to be sharp; peg; hook; handle”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈxɑk.kɔː.nɑ̃/
Verb
*hakkōną
- To hack; chop
- To hoe
Inflection
Conjugation of *hakkōną (weak class 2)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *hakkō | *hakkǭ | — | *hakkōi | *? |
| 2nd singular | *hakkōsi | *hakkōs | *hakkō | *hakkōsai | *hakkōsau |
| 3rd singular | *hakkōþi | *hakkō | *hakkōþau | *hakkōþai | *hakkōþau |
| 1st dual | *hakkōs | *hakkōw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *hakkōþiz | *hakkōþiz | *hakkōþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *hakkōmaz | *hakkōm | — | *hakkōnþai | *hakkōnþau |
| 2nd plural | *hakkōþ | *hakkōþ | *hakkōþ | *hakkōnþai | *hakkōnþau |
| 3rd plural | *hakkōnþi | *hakkōn | *hakkōnþau | *hakkōnþai | *hakkōnþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *hakkōdǭ | *hakkōdēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *hakkōdēz | *hakkōdēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *hakkōdē | *hakkōdēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *hakkōdēdū | *hakkōdēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *hakkōdēdudiz | *hakkōdēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *hakkōdēdum | *hakkōdēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *hakkōdēdud | *hakkōdēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *hakkōdēdun | *hakkōdēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *hakkōndz | *hakkōdaz | |||
Related terms
- *hakilō
- *hakjaną
Descendants
- Old English: *haccian
- Middle English: hakken, hacken
- Scots: hak, hack
- English: hack
- ⇒ Old English: āhaccian
- ⇒ Old English: tōhaccian
- Middle English: hakken, hacken
- Old Frisian: *hakkia, *hakia
- Saterland Frisian: häkje
- West Frisian: hakje
- ⇒ Old Frisian: tohakia, *tohakkia
- Old Saxon: *hakkōn
- Middle Low German: hacken
- German Low German: hacken
- Plautdietsch: haken
- Danish: hakke
- Swedish: hacka
- Norn: hakka
- Norwegian: hakke
- Faroese: hakka
- Icelandic: hakka
- Gutnish: hakke
- Middle Low German: hacken
- Frankish: *hakkōn, hakkijan
- Old Dutch: *hakkon, *hakon
- Middle Dutch: hakken, haken
- Dutch: hakken
- Middle Dutch: hakken, haken
- → Old French: hacher, hachier, hascher (see there for further descendants)
- Old Dutch: *hakkon, *hakon
- Old High German: hacchōn, *hakkōn
- Middle High German: hacken
- German: hacken
- → Estonian: hakkima
- German: hacken
- Middle High German: hacken
- → Finnic: (possibly)
- Estonian: hakkama
- Finnish: hakata
- → Votic: hakata
- Karelian: hakata
- Livonian: akkõ