< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gīslōną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From *gīslaz (“hostage”) + *-ōną.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɣiːs.lɔː.nɑ̃/
Verb
*gīslōną[1]
- to take hostage
Inflection
Conjugation of *gīslōną (weak class 2)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *gīslō | *gīslǭ | — | *gīslōi | *? |
| 2nd singular | *gīslōsi | *gīslōs | *gīslō | *gīslōsai | *gīslōsau |
| 3rd singular | *gīslōþi | *gīslō | *gīslōþau | *gīslōþai | *gīslōþau |
| 1st dual | *gīslōs | *gīslōw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *gīslōþiz | *gīslōþiz | *gīslōþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *gīslōmaz | *gīslōm | — | *gīslōnþai | *gīslōnþau |
| 2nd plural | *gīslōþ | *gīslōþ | *gīslōþ | *gīslōnþai | *gīslōnþau |
| 3rd plural | *gīslōnþi | *gīslōn | *gīslōnþau | *gīslōnþai | *gīslōnþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *gīslōdǭ | *gīslōdēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *gīslōdēz | *gīslōdēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *gīslōdē | *gīslōdēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *gīslōdēdū | *gīslōdēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *gīslōdēdudiz | *gīslōdēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *gīslōdēdum | *gīslōdēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *gīslōdēdud | *gīslōdēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *gīslōdēdun | *gīslōdēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *gīslōndz | *gīslōdaz | |||
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *gīslōn
- Old English: gīslian
- Middle English: gislen
- Old Frisian: gīslia
- West Frisian: gizelje
- Old Saxon: *gīslōn
- Middle Low German: giselen, giseln
- Old Dutch: *gīslon
- Middle Dutch: giselen
- Dutch: gijzelen
- Middle Dutch: giselen
- Old High German: *gīslōn
- Middle High German: gīselen, gīseln
- Old English: gīslian
- Old Norse: gísla
References
- Orel, Vladimir (2003) , “*ʒīslōjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 135