Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gīslaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Borrowed from Proto-Celtic *gēstlos (“hostage, pledge”) (compare Old Irish gíall, Welsh gwystl), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *gʰeydʰ- (“to desire, wait for”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɣiːs.lɑz/

Noun

*gīslaz m

hostage

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *gīslaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*gīslaz	gīslōz, gīslōs
vocative	*gīsl	gīslōz, gīslōs
accusative	*gīslą	*gīslanz
genitive	gīslas, gīslis	*gīslǫ̂
dative	*gīslai	*gīslamaz
instrumental	*gīslō	*gīslamiz

Descendants

Old English: ġīsel, ġīsl
- Middle English: ȝisel, ȝisle; gisel, gysel (hard g through confluence from Old Norse)
Old Saxon: gīsal
- Middle Low German: gîsel
Old Dutch: *gisal
- Middle Dutch: gisel
  - Dutch: gijzel, (gijzelaar)
Old High German: gīsal
- Middle High German: gīsel
  - German: Geisel
Old Norse: gísl
- Icelandic: gísl
- Faroese: gísli
- Norwegian: gissel
- Old Swedish: gīsl
- Danish: gidsel