Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/grōniz

< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/grōniz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic *groh₁-ni-s, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰreh₁- (“to grow, become green”).[1]

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɣrɔː.niz/

Adjective

*grōniz (comparative *grōnizô, superlative *grōnistaz)[1]

1. green

Inflection

Declension of *grōniz (i-stem)

strong declension
	masculine		feminine		neuter
	singular	plural	singular	plural	singular	plural
nominative	*grōniz	*grōnijai	*grōnī	*grōnijôz	*grōnį, *-jatō	*grōnijō
accusative	*grōnijanǭ	*grōnijanz	*grōnijǭ	*grōnijōz	*grōnį, *-jatō	*grōnijō
genitive	*grōnijas, *grōnīs	*grōnijaizǫ̂	*grōnijaizōz	*grōnijaizǫ̂	*grōnijas, *grōnīs	*grōnijaizǫ̂
dative	*grōnijammai	*grōnijaimaz	*grōnijaizōi	*grōnijaimaz	*grōnijammai	*grōnijaimaz
instrumental	*grōnijanō	*grōnijaimiz	*grōnijaizō	*grōnijaimiz	*grōnijanō	*grōnijaimiz
weak declension
	masculine		feminine		neuter
	singular	plural	singular	plural	singular	plural
nominative	*grōnijô	*grōnijaniz	*grōnijǭ	*grōnijōniz	*grōnijô	*grōnijōnō
accusative	*grōnijanų	*grōnijanunz	*grōnijōnų	*grōnijōnunz	*grōnijô	*grōnijōnō
genitive	*grōnīniz	*grōnijanǫ̂	*grōnijōniz	*grōnijōnǫ̂	*grōnīniz	*grōnijanǫ̂
dative	*grōnīni	*grōnijammaz	*grōnijōni	*grōnijōmaz	*grōnīni	*grōnijammaz
instrumental	*grōnīnē	*grōnijammiz	*grōnijōnē	*grōnijōmiz	*grōnīnē	*grōnijammiz

Derived terms

• *grasagrōniz
• *singrōniz
• *grōnijaną
• *ungrōniz

Related terms

• *grasą
• *grōaną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *grōnī
  • Old English: grēne, grœ̄ne, grœ̄ni
    • Middle English: grene, greene
      • English: green (see there for further descendants)
      • Scots: green
      • Yola: green
  • Old Frisian: grēne
    • North Frisian:

      Föhr-Amrum: green

    • Saterland Frisian: gräin
    • West Frisian: grien
  • Old Saxon: grōni
    • Middle Low German: grōne, gröne
      • Low German: grön, gröön, green
      • Plautdietsch: jreen
      • → Polabian: grönĕ
  • Old Dutch: gruoni
    • Middle Dutch: groene
      • Dutch: groen
        • Afrikaans: groen
        • Berbice Creole Dutch: grun
        • Negerhollands: groen, grun
        • Skepi Creole Dutch: gruin
        • Sranan Tongo: grun
          • Aukan: guun
          • Saramaccan: guúun
      • Limburgish: greun, gruuen
      • West Flemish: groene
  • Old High German: gruoni
    • Middle High German: grüene
      • Alemannic German: grüen

        Swabian: grea, grien

        Walser: geriénts, grien, gréén, grün

      • Bavarian: grian, grien, grea

        Apeltonerisch: gria

        Cimbrian: gruan, grümma, grüun

        Mòcheno: grea'

      • Central Franconian: jrön, green, grien

        Hunsrik: grien

        Luxembourgish: gréng

      • East Central German:

        Upper Saxon:

        Vilamovian: grin

      • East Franconian:
      • German: grün
      • Rhine Franconian: grie, grien, griene

        Frankfurterisch: IPA [kʀĩː]

        Pennsylvania German: grie

      • Yiddish: גרין‎ (grin)
• Old Norse: grǿnn, grœnn
  • Icelandic: grænn
  • Faroese: grønur
  • Norn: grøn
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: grøn; (dialectal) grøn’u, grøn’e
  • Elfdalian: gryön
  • Old Swedish: grø̄n
    • Swedish: grön
  • Danish: grøn
    • Norwegian Bokmål: grønn
  • Gutnish: gröinar
• → Proto-Samic: *(k)ruonë
  • Western Samic:
    • Southern Sami: kroenes
    • Lule Sami: ruodnat / ruoddnis, ruonas
    • Northern Sami: ruonas
  • Eastern Samic:
    • Inari Sami: ruonâs
    • Skolt Sami: ruânn
    • Kildin Sami: руэнн (ruenn)
    • Ter Sami: rïenn

See also

Colors in Proto-Germanic · *farwôz (layout · text)

*blaikaz, *blankaz, *hwītaz, *blasaz	*falwaz, *grēwaz, *haswaz, *grīsaz, *hairaz	*blakaz, *swartaz
*raudaz	*brūnaz, *erpaz, *dusnaz	*gelwaz, *gulaz
*grōniz	*grōniz
	*blēwaz	*blēwaz, *hēwijaz
*blēwaz, *hēwijaz	*baswaz

References

1. Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*grōni-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 191