Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/grīsaz

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Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/grīsaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Unknown. Often related to *grēwaz, which would require a pre-form *greh₁-is-, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰreh₁-. This is highly speculative, however.[1]

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɣriː.sɑz/

Adjective

*grīsaz[1]

1. grey

   Synonym: *grēwaz

2. terrible; frightening

Inflection

Declension of *grīsaz (a-stem)

Strong declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*grīsaz	*grīsai	*grīsō	*grīsôz	*grīsą, -atō	*grīsō
Accusative	*grīsanǭ	*grīsanz	*grīsǭ	*grīsōz	*grīsą, -atō	*grīsō
Genitive	*grīsas, -is	*grīsaizǫ̂	*grīsaizōz	*grīsaizǫ̂	*grīsas, -is	*grīsaizǫ̂
Dative	*grīsammai	*grīsaimaz	*grīsaizōi	*grīsaimaz	*grīsammai	*grīsaimaz
Instrumental	*grīsanō	*grīsaimiz	*grīsaizō	*grīsaimiz	*grīsanō	*grīsaimiz
Weak declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*grīsô	*grīsaniz	*grīsǭ	*grīsōniz	*grīsô	*grīsōnō
Accusative	*grīsanų	*grīsanunz	*grīsōnų	*grīsōnunz	*grīsô	*grīsōnō
Genitive	*grīsiniz	*grīsanǫ̂	*grīsōniz	*grīsōnǫ̂	*grīsiniz	*grīsanǫ̂
Dative	*grīsini	*grīsammaz	*grīsōni	*grīsōmaz	*grīsini	*grīsammaz
Instrumental	*grīsinē	*grīsammiz	*grīsōnē	*grīsōmiz	*grīsinē	*grīsammiz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *grīs
  • Old Frisian: grīs
    • Saterland Frisian: gries
    • West Frisian: griis
  • Old Saxon: grīs
    • Middle Low German: grîs
      • German Low German: gries
        • → German: gries
      • Plautdietsch: jriess
  • Old Dutch: *grīs
    • Middle Dutch: grise, grijs
      • Dutch: grijs
        • Afrikaans: grys
  • Old High German: grīs
    • Middle High German: grīs
      • Central Franconian: greis, jries
      • German: greis
  • Gallo-Romance:
    • → Catalan: gris
    • → Ligurian: grîxo
      • →? Corsican: grisgiu
      • →? Italian: grigio
    • → Lombard: gris
    • → Old Occitan: gris
      • Occitan: gris
      • → Galician: gris
      • → Spanish: gris
    • → Old French: gris, grise
      • Middle French: gris
        • French: gris
      • Norman: gris
      • Walloon: gris, grise
      • → Middle English: gris, grys (“gray; gray fur”)
      • → Medieval Latin: grīseus
      • Old French: grisel
        • → Middle English: grisel, griselle, gresel (“gray; gray hair”)
          • English: grizzle
    • → Piedmontese: gris

See also

Colors in Proto-Germanic · *farwôz (layout · text)

*blaikaz, *blankaz, *hwītaz, *blasaz	*falwaz, *grēwaz, *haswaz, *grīsaz, *hairaz	*blakaz, *swartaz
*raudaz	*brūnaz, *erpaz, *dusnaz	*gelwaz, *gulaz
*grōniz	*grōniz
	*blēwaz	*blēwaz, *hēwijaz
*blēwaz, *hēwijaz	*baswaz

References

1. Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*grīsa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 191