< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/grīpaną
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *gʰreyb- (“to grab, to grasp”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɣriː.pɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*grīpaną[1][2]
- to grab, grasp
Inflection
Conjugation of *grīpaną (strong class 1)
active voice | passive voice | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
1st singular | *grīpō | *grīpaų | — | *grīpai | ? |
2nd singular | *grīpizi | *grīpaiz | *grīp | *grīpazai | *grīpaizau |
3rd singular | *grīpidi | *grīpai | *grīpadau | *grīpadai | *grīpaidau |
1st dual | *grīpōz | *grīpaiw | — | — | — |
2nd dual | *grīpadiz | *grīpaidiz | *grīpadiz | — | — |
1st plural | *grīpamaz | *grīpaim | — | *grīpandai | *grīpaindau |
2nd plural | *grīpid | *grīpaid | *grīpid | *grīpandai | *grīpaindau |
3rd plural | *grīpandi | *grīpain | *grīpandau | *grīpandai | *grīpaindau |
past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
1st singular | *graip | *gripį̄ | |||
2nd singular | *graift | *gripīz | |||
3rd singular | *graip | *gripī | |||
1st dual | *gripū | *gripīw | |||
2nd dual | *gripudiz | *gripīdiz | |||
1st plural | *gripum | *gripīm | |||
2nd plural | *gripud | *gripīd | |||
3rd plural | *gripun | *gripīn | |||
present | past | ||||
participles | *grīpandz | *gripanaz |
Related terms
- *firigrīpaną
- *graipōną
- *gripiz
- *gripjaną
- *gripô
- *grīpô
- *grippōną
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *grīpan
- Old English: grīpan
- Middle English: gripen
- Scots: gripe
- English: gripe
- Middle English: gripen
- Old Frisian: grīpa
- North Frisian: gripe
- Saterland Frisian: griepe
- West Frisian: gripe
- Old Saxon: grīpan
- Middle Low German: grîpen
- Low German: griepen
- Plautdietsch: jriepen
- Middle Low German: grîpen
- Old Dutch: grīpan
- Middle Dutch: gripen
- Dutch: grijpen
- Limburgish: griepe
- Middle Dutch: gripen
- Old High German: grīfan
- Middle High German: grifen
- Cimbrian: graifan
- German: greifen
- Luxembourgish: gräifen
- → Old French: grifer
- French: griffer
- Middle High German: grifen
- → Old French: *gripper
- French: gripper
- ⇒ French: grippe (noun) (see there for further descendants)
- French: gripper
- Old English: grīpan
- Old Norse: grípa
- Icelandic: grípa
- Faroese: grípa
- Norwegian: gripe
- Westrobothnian: griip, gryip
- Old Swedish: grīpa
- Swedish: gripa
- Danish: gribe
- Gothic: 𐌲𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍀𐌰𐌽 (greipan)
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*grīpan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 190
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*ʒrīpanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 143