< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/grunnatjaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From *grunnōną + *-atjaną.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɣrun.nɑt.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*grunnatjaną
- To grunt.
Inflection
Conjugation of *grunnatjaną (weak class 1 j-present)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *grunnatjō | *grunnatjaų | — | *grunnatjai | *? |
| 2nd singular | *grunnatisi | *grunnatjais | *grunnati | *grunnatjasai | *grunnatjaisau |
| 3rd singular | *grunnatiþi | *grunnatjai | *grunnatjaþau | *grunnatjaþai | *grunnatjaiþau |
| 1st dual | *grunnatjōs | *grunnatjaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *grunnatjaþiz | *grunnatjaiþiz | *grunnatjaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *grunnatjamaz | *grunnatjaim | — | *grunnatjanþai | *grunnatjainþau |
| 2nd plural | *grunnatiþ | *grunnatjaiþ | *grunnatiþ | *grunnatjanþai | *grunnatjainþau |
| 3rd plural | *grunnatjanþi | *grunnatjain | *grunnatjanþau | *grunnatjanþai | *grunnatjainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *grunnastǭ | *grunnastēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *grunnastēz | *grunnastēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *grunnastē | *grunnastēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *grunnastēdū | *grunnastēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *grunnastēdudiz | *grunnastēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *grunnastēdum | *grunnastēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *grunnastēdud | *grunnastēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *grunnastēdun | *grunnastēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *grunnatjandz | *grunnastaz | |||
Descendants
- Old English: grunnettan, *gryntan
- Middle English: grunten; gruntilen
- Scots: grunt; gruntil, gruntle
- English: grunt; gruntle
- Middle English: grunten; gruntilen
- Old High German: grunnezzen; grunnizōn; grunzen
- Middle High German: grunzen
- German: grunzen
- Luxembourgish: grunzen
- Middle High German: grunzen
- Old Norse: *grynta
- Norwegian: grynte
- Old Danish: grynte
- Danish: grynte
- Swedish: grymta