< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/griwjaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰreh₁u-, *ǵʰreh₁- (“to dawn, shine”). Cognate with Hittite 𒅗𒊒𒌑 (ka-ru-ú, “early; up to now”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɣriw.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*griwjaną[1]
- to dawn, begin to shine
Inflection
Conjugation of *griwjaną (weak class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *griwjō | *griwjaų | — | *griwjai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *griwisi | *griwjais | *griwi | *griwjasai | *griwjaisau |
| 3rd singular | *griwiþi | *griwjai | *griwjaþau | *griwjaþai | *griwjaiþau |
| 1st dual | *griwjōs | *griwjaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *griwjaþiz | *griwjaiþiz | *griwjaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *griwjamaz | *griwjaim | — | *griwjanþai | *griwjainþau |
| 2nd plural | *griwiþ | *griwjaiþ | *griwiþ | *griwjanþai | *griwjainþau |
| 3rd plural | *griwjanþi | *griwjain | *griwjanþau | *griwjanþai | *griwjainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *griwidǭ | *griwidēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *griwidēz | *griwidēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *griwidē | *griwidēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *griwidēdū | *griwidēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *griwidēdudiz | *griwidēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *griwidēdum | *griwidēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *griwidēdud | *griwidēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *griwidēdun | *griwidēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *griwjandz | *griwidaz | |||
Related terms
- *greukōną
Descendants
- Old Norse: *grýja (attested nominalization)
- Norwegian: gry
- Old Swedish: *grȳia, grȳ
- Swedish: gry
- Old Danish: *grȳ
- Danish: gry
- Elfdalian: gry
- Gutnish: grya
- Faroese: gliggja (possibly; if it continues earlier *griggja)
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*greujan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 188