< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gripjaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
An intensive formation from *grīpaną.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɣrip.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*gripjaną
- To grip; to continually hold on to.
Inflection
Conjugation of *gripjaną (weak class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *gripjō | *gripjaų | — | *gripjai | *? |
| 2nd singular | *gripisi | *gripjais | *gripi | *gripjasai | *gripjaisau |
| 3rd singular | *gripiþi | *gripjai | *gripjaþau | *gripjaþai | *gripjaiþau |
| 1st dual | *gripjōs | *gripjaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *gripjaþiz | *gripjaiþiz | *gripjaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *gripjamaz | *gripjaim | — | *gripjanþai | *gripjainþau |
| 2nd plural | *gripiþ | *gripjaiþ | *gripiþ | *gripjanþai | *gripjainþau |
| 3rd plural | *gripjanþi | *gripjain | *gripjanþau | *gripjanþai | *gripjainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *gripidǭ | *gripidēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *gripidēz | *gripidēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *gripidē | *gripidēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *gripidēdū | *gripidēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *gripidēdudiz | *gripidēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *gripidēdum | *gripidēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *gripidēdud | *gripidēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *gripidēdun | *gripidēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *gripjandz | *gripidaz | |||
Descendants
- Old English: grippan
- Middle English: grippen
- English: grip
- Scots: grip
- Middle English: grippen
- Old High German: gripfen
- Middle High German: gripfen, *grippen
- Luxembourgish: Grapp (probably)
- Middle High German: gripfen, *grippen