< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/graftuz
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From *grabaną (“to dig”) + *-þuz.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɣrɑɸ.tuz/
Noun
*graftuz m
- digging, carving
Inflection
u-stemDeclension of *graftuz (u-stem) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | *graftuz | *graftiwiz | |
vocative | *graftu | *graftiwiz | |
accusative | *graftų | *graftunz | |
genitive | *graftauz | *graftiwǫ̂ | |
dative | *graftiwi | *graftumaz | |
instrumental | *graftū | *graftumiz |
Descendants
The West Germanic languages remodeled the word as a ti-stem.
- Old English: græft
- Middle English: græf, graf, grave (partially)
- Old Frisian: greft
- Saterland Frisian: Grääft
- West Frisian: grêft
- Old Saxon: *graft
- Middle Low German: graft, gracht
- German Low German: Gracht
- Middle Low German: graft, gracht
- Old Dutch: *graft (in placenames)
- Middle Dutch: gracht
- Dutch: gracht
- → German: Gracht
- Dutch: gracht
- Middle Dutch: gracht
- Old High German: graft
- Middle High German: graft, graht
- German: Graft (archaic)
- Middle High German: graft, graht
- Old Norse: grǫptr, grǫftr
- Icelandic: gröftur