< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-gaz
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Alternative forms
- *-agaz, *-igaz, *-īgaz, *-ugaz
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *-kos, *-ḱos. Cognates include Latin -cus, Ancient Greek -κός (-kós), Sanskrit -शस (-śasa), -कस (-kasa) and Old Church Slavonic -ъкъ (-ŭkŭ).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɣɑz/
Adjective
*-gaz
- -y; forms adjectives from nouns and verbs with a sense of 'being, having, or doing'.
Inflection
Declension of *-gaz (a-stem)
| Strong declension | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *-gaz | *-gai | *-gō | *-gôz | *-gą, -atō | *-gō |
| Accusative | *-ganǭ | *-ganz | *-gǭ | *-gōz | *-gą, -atō | *-gō |
| Genitive | *-gas, -is | *-gaizǫ̂ | *-gaizōz | *-gaizǫ̂ | *-gas, -is | *-gaizǫ̂ |
| Dative | *-gammai | *-gaimaz | *-gaizōi | *-gaimaz | *-gammai | *-gaimaz |
| Instrumental | *-ganō | *-gaimiz | *-gaizō | *-gaimiz | *-ganō | *-gaimiz |
| Weak declension | ||||||
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *-gô | *-ganiz | *-gǭ | *-gōniz | *-gô | *-gōnō |
| Accusative | *-ganų | *-ganunz | *-gōnų | *-gōnunz | *-gô | *-gōnō |
| Genitive | *-giniz | *-ganǫ̂ | *-gōniz | *-gōnǫ̂ | *-giniz | *-ganǫ̂ |
| Dative | *-gini | *-gammaz | *-gōni | *-gōmaz | *-gini | *-gammaz |
| Instrumental | *-ginē | *-gammiz | *-gōnē | *-gōmiz | *-ginē | *-gammiz |
Usage notes
This suffix is attached to the full stem of the preceding word, creating the variants *-agaz (for a-stems), *-īgaz or *-igaz (for i-stems), *-ugaz (for u-stems) and so on.
Derived terms
Proto-Germanic terms suffixed with *-gaz
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *-g, *-ag, *-ig, *-īg
- Old English: -iġ, -iċ, -eġ
- Middle English: -iȝ, -i, -y, -ich
- English: -y, -ey, -ie
- Scots: -ie
- Middle English: -iȝ, -i, -y, -ich
- Old Frisian: -ich
- Saterland Frisian: -ich
- West Frisian: -ich
- Old Saxon: -ag, -ig
- Middle Low German: -ig, -ich
- German Low German: -ig
- Middle Low German: -ig, -ich
- Old Dutch: *-ag, -ig
- Middle Dutch: -ich, -ech
- Dutch: -ig
- Middle Dutch: -ich, -ech
- Old High German: -ag, -ig, -īg
- Middle High German: -ig
- German: -ig, -ich
- Yiddish: ־יק (-ik), ־יג (-ig)
- Luxembourgish: -eg
- Middle High German: -ig
- Old English: -iġ, -iċ, -eġ
- Old Norse: -agr, -igr, -ugr
- Icelandic: -agur, -igur, -ugur
- Faroese: -agur, -igur, -ugur
- Norwegian: -ag, -ig, -ug
- Swedish: -ig
- Danish: -ig
- Gothic: -𐌲𐍃 (-gs) (-𐌴𐌹𐌲𐍃 (-eigs), -𐌰𐌲𐍃 (-ags), -𐌰𐌷𐍃 (-ahs), -𐌿𐌲𐍃 (-ugs))