< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gawjaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
Unclear. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰewH- (“to call, invoke”), related to Proto-Slavic *zъvati (“to call”). Or from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₂w- (“to gape, yawn”), related to Lithuanian gomurỹs (“palate”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɣɑu̯.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*gawjaną[1]
- to bark
Inflection
Conjugation of *gawjaną (strong class 6 j-present)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *gawjō | *gawjaų | — | *gawjai | *? |
| 2nd singular | *gawisi | *gawjais | *gawi | *gawjasai | *gawjaisau |
| 3rd singular | *gawiþi | *gawjai | *gawjaþau | *gawjaþai | *gawjaiþau |
| 1st dual | *gawjōs | *gawjaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *gawjaþiz | *gawjaiþiz | *gawjaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *gawjamaz | *gawjaim | — | *gawjanþai | *gawjainþau |
| 2nd plural | *gawiþ | *gawjaiþ | *gawiþ | *gawjanþai | *gawjainþau |
| 3rd plural | *gawjanþi | *gawjain | *gawjanþau | *gawjanþai | *gawjainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *gōw | *gōwį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *gōwt | *gōwīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *gōw | *gōwī | |||
| 1st dual | *gōwū | *gōwīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *gōwudiz | *gōwīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *gōwum | *gōwīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *gōwud | *gōwīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *gōwun | *gōwīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *gawjandz | *gawanaz | |||
Descendants
- Old Norse: geyja
- Danish: gø
- Faroese: goyggja
- Norwegian Bokmål: gjø
- Norwegian Nynorsk: gøy
References
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*ʒaujanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 128