< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/garwijaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From *garwaz + *-janą.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɣɑr.wi.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*garwijaną[1][2]
- to prepare
Inflection
Conjugation of *garwijaną (weak class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *garwijō | *garwijaų | — | *garwijai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *garwīsi | *garwijais | *garwī | *garwijasai | *garwijaisau |
| 3rd singular | *garwīþi | *garwijai | *garwijaþau | *garwijaþai | *garwijaiþau |
| 1st dual | *garwijōs | *garwijaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *garwijaþiz | *garwijaiþiz | *garwijaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *garwijamaz | *garwijaim | — | *garwijanþai | *garwijainþau |
| 2nd plural | *garwīþ | *garwijaiþ | *garwīþ | *garwijanþai | *garwijainþau |
| 3rd plural | *garwijanþi | *garwijain | *garwijanþau | *garwijanþai | *garwijainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *garwidǭ | *garwidēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *garwidēz | *garwidēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *garwidē | *garwidēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *garwidēdū | *garwidēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *garwidēdudiz | *garwidēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *garwidēdum | *garwidēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *garwidēdud | *garwidēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *garwidēdun | *garwidēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *garwijandz | *garwidaz | |||
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *garwijan
- Old English: ġearwian
- Middle English: ȝarwen, yaren
- English: yare
- Middle English: ȝarwen, yaren
- Old Saxon: gerwian, garwian
- Middle Low German: gerwen
- → Danish: garve
- → Norwegian Bokmål: garve
- → Norwegian Nynorsk: garve, garva
- → Swedish: garva
- Middle Low German: gerwen
- Old Dutch: gerwen
- Middle Dutch: gerwen
- Old High German: garwen, garawen
- Middle High German: gerwen, garwen, gerben
- German: gerben
- Luxembourgish: gierwen
- Middle High German: gerwen, garwen, gerben
- Old English: ġearwian
- Old Norse: gera, gerva, gøra, gørva, gjǫra, gjǫrva, gǫra, gǫrva
- Icelandic: gjöra, gera
- Faroese: gera
- Norwegian Nynorsk: gjera; (dialectal) gjårå, gjara, gjøra, gjørå, gjørø
- Jamtish: gjara
- Elfdalian: djärå
- Westrobothnian: gjöra, gjera, djära, djåra
- Old Swedish: gøra, gæra, giora
- Swedish: göra
- Old Danish: gøræ
- Danish: gøre
- Norwegian Bokmål: gjøre
- Scanian: gøra
- Danish: gøre
- Old Gutnish: giera
- Gutnish: gyre, gäre
- → Middle English: gerren, garren, garen
- English: gar
- Scots: gar
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*garwjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 170
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*ʒarwjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 127