Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gardaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gʰórdʰos, from *gʰerdʰ-. Cognate with Proto-Balto-Slavic *gardas (“enclosure”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɣɑr.ðɑz/

Noun

*gardaz m

enclosure
court, yard
garden

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *gardaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*gardaz	gardōz, gardōs
vocative	*gard	gardōz, gardōs
accusative	*gardą	*gardanz
genitive	gardas, gardis	*gardǫ̂
dative	*gardai	*gardamaz
instrumental	*gardō	*gardamiz

Related terms

*gardiz
*gardô
*gerdaną

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *gard
- Old English: ġeard
  - Middle English: yerd, yerde, ȝerd, ȝeerd, yeerd, ȝeard, yard, yarde, yorde, ȝarde, yherde, ȝorde, ȝeorde
    - English: yard
    - Scots: yerd, yaird, yird
- Old Saxon: gard, gardo
  - Middle Low German: gard
    - German Low German: Garrn
      Hamburgisch: Garrn
      Westphalian:
      Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: Gäurn
      Westmünsterländisch: Gaorden, Gaorn, Guorden, Guorn, Gurden
    - Plautdietsch: Goaden
- Old Dutch: gard
  - Middle Dutch: gāert
    - Dutch: gaard
- Old High German: gart
- → Vulgar Latin: *gardus
  - Old French: jart, gart, wart
    - Middle French: gard, gart
  - ⇒ Medieval Latin: hortus gardīnus (“enclosed garden”) (see there for further descendants)
Old Norse: garðr
- Icelandic: garður
- Faroese: garður
- Norn: gart
- Norwegian: gard; (dialectal) gard’e
  - → Norwegian Bokmål: gard
- Jamtish: gaoł
- Westrobothnian: gål, gɑl
- Old Swedish: garþer
  - Swedish: gård, gål
- Old Danish: garth
  - Danish: gård
    - Norwegian Bokmål: gård
- → Middle English: garth
  - English: garth
  - Scots: garthe (obsolete)
- → Middle Irish: garrda
  - Irish: garraí
  - Scottish Gaelic: gàrradh
- → Welsh: gardd
Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌳𐍃 (gards)
→ Finnish: kartano
- Meänkieli: kartano