Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ganōgaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *ga- +‎ *nōgaz, although the latter has no attested descendants. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eh₂nóḱe (“he has reached, attained”), perfective of *h₂neḱ- (“to reach”). Cognate with Sanskrit अनाश (anā́śa).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɣɑ.ˈnɔː.ɣɑz/

Adjective

*ganōgaz

enough, sufficient

Inflection

Declension of *ganōgaz (a-stem, strong only)

strong declension
	masculine		feminine		neuter
	singular	plural	singular	plural	singular	plural
nominative	*ganōgaz	*ganōgai	*ganōgō	*ganōgôz	ganōgą, -atō	*ganōgō
accusative	*ganōganǭ	*ganōganz	*ganōgǭ	*ganōgōz	ganōgą, -atō	*ganōgō
genitive	ganōgas, ganōgis	*ganōgaizǫ̂	*ganōgaizōz	*ganōgaizǫ̂	ganōgas, ganōgis	*ganōgaizǫ̂
dative	*ganōgammai	*ganōgaimaz	*ganōgaizōi	*ganōgaimaz	*ganōgammai	*ganōgaimaz
instrumental	*ganōganō	*ganōgaimiz	*ganōgaizō	*ganōgaimiz	*ganōganō	*ganōgaimiz

Derived terms

*ganōgijaz
*ganōgiþō

Related terms

*ganuganą

Descendants

Old English: ġenōg
- Middle English: yenoughe, inogh, inough, ynough, inoh, enoh, inow, enow
  - English: enough, enow, enoo (dialectal)
  - Scots: aneuch, eneuch
Old Frisian: enōch, anōg, nōch
- Saterland Frisian: nouch, genouch
- West Frisian: genôch
Old Saxon: ginōg, ginōh, ginuog
- Middle Low German: genōch
  - Low German: genaug, enaug, naug, noog
  - → Danish: nok
  - → Swedish: nock (dialectal, perhaps via Danish)
  - → Scanian: nock (perhaps via Danish)
  - → Norwegian: nok
Old Dutch: *ginuog, genuog
- Middle Dutch: genuch, ghenoech
  - Dutch: genoeg
    - Afrikaans: genoeg
Old High German: ginuog, gunuoc
- Middle High German: genuoc
  - Alemannic German: gnueg
  - German: genug
  - Luxembourgish: genuch
  - Rhine Franconian:
    Pennsylvania German: genunk
  - Yiddish: גענוג‎ (genug)
Old Norse: gnógr, nógr
- Icelandic: nógur
- Faroese: nógvur
- Old Swedish: nōgh
  - Swedish: nog
- Elfdalian: naug
- Westrobothnian: no, nog-
Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌽𐍉𐌷𐍃 (ganōhs)