< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ganhuz
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
Possibly derived from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰengʰ- (“to stride, step”),[1][2] but Kroonen rejects this derivation and treats the root as having no known etymology, also rejecting connections with Lithuanian guvus (“agile, quick”).[3]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɣɑ̃ː.xuz/
Adjective
*ganhuz
- fast, quick
Inflection
Declension of *ganhuz (u-stem)
| strong declension | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | ||||
| singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural | |
| nominative | *ganhuz | *ganhwijai | *ganhwī | *ganhwijôz | *ganhų, *-jatō | *ganhwijō |
| accusative | *ganhwijanǭ | *ganhwijanz | *ganhwijǭ | *ganhwijōz | *ganhų, *-jatō | *ganhwijō |
| genitive | *ganhwijas, *ganhwīs | *ganhwijaizǫ̂ | *ganhwijaizōz | *ganhwijaizǫ̂ | *ganhwijas, *ganhwīs | *ganhwijaizǫ̂ |
| dative | *ganhwijammai | *ganhwijaimaz | *ganhwijaizōi | *ganhwijaimaz | *ganhwijammai | *ganhwijaimaz |
| instrumental | *ganhwijanō | *ganhwijaimiz | *ganhwijaizō | *ganhwijaimiz | *ganhwijanō | *ganhwijaimiz |
| weak declension | ||||||
| masculine | feminine | neuter | ||||
| singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural | |
| nominative | *ganhwijô | *ganhwijaniz | *ganhwijǭ | *ganhwijōniz | *ganhwijô | *ganhwijōnō |
| accusative | *ganhwijanų | *ganhwijanunz | *ganhwijōnų | *ganhwijōnunz | *ganhwijô | *ganhwijōnō |
| genitive | *ganhwīniz | *ganhwijanǫ̂ | *ganhwijōniz | *ganhwijōnǫ̂ | *ganhwīniz | *ganhwijanǫ̂ |
| dative | *ganhwīni | *ganhwijammaz | *ganhwijōni | *ganhwijōmaz | *ganhwīni | *ganhwijammaz |
| instrumental | *ganhwīnē | *ganhwijammiz | *ganhwijōnē | *ganhwijōmiz | *ganhwīnē | *ganhwijammiz |
Derived terms
- *ganhwiþō
Descendants
Presumably the Old High German form was remodeled as a ja-stem.
- Old Frisian: gā (in gālik)
- North Frisian: gau
- Saterland Frisian: gau
- West Frisian: gau
- Old Saxon: *gāh (in derivatives: gāhun, gāhlīko)
- Middle Low German: gahens, gahes, gās
- Low German: gau, gai
- Middle Low German: gahens, gahes, gās
- Old Dutch: gā
- Middle Dutch: ga
- Dutch: gauw
- Afrikaans: gou
- West Flemish: gow
- Dutch: gauw
- Middle Dutch: ga
- Old High German: gāhi; gāhes (adverb)
- Middle High German: gǣhe, gāch, gā; gǣhes, gāhes, gās
- Bavarian: gach
- German: jäh
- Luxembourgish: géi
- Yiddish: גיך (gikh), געך (gekh)
- Middle High German: gǣhe, gāch, gā; gǣhes, gāhes, gās
- Gothic: *𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌴𐌹𐍃 (*gaheis)
- → Old Occitan: gai
- → Old French: gai
- Middle French: gai
- French: gai
- → Middle English: gay
- English: gay
- Middle French: gai
- → Old French: gai
- → Old Occitan: gai
References
- Marlies Philippa et al., eds., Etymologisch Woordenboek van het Nederlands, A-Z, s.v. “gauw” (Amsterdam UP, 3 Dec. 2009): .
- Louis Guinet, Les emprunts gallo-romans au germanique (Paris: Klincksieck, 1982).
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*ganhu-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 167f.