Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/galpōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gʰolb-, from *gʰel- (“to call, cry out, shout, scream”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɡɑl.pɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*galpōną

to resound; sound out
to boast

Inflection

Conjugation of *galpōną (weak class 2)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*galpō	*galpǭ	—	*galpōi	*?
2nd singular	*galpōsi	*galpōs	*galpō	*galpōsai	*galpōsau
3rd singular	*galpōþi	*galpō	*galpōþau	*galpōþai	*galpōþau
1st dual	*galpōs	*galpōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*galpōþiz	*galpōþiz	*galpōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*galpōmaz	*galpōm	—	*galpōnþai	*galpōnþau
2nd plural	*galpōþ	*galpōþ	*galpōþ	*galpōnþai	*galpōnþau
3rd plural	*galpōnþi	*galpōn	*galpōnþau	*galpōnþai	*galpōnþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*galpōdǭ	*galpōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*galpōdēz	*galpōdēdīz
3rd singular	*galpōdē	*galpōdēdī
1st dual	*galpōdēdū	*galpōdēdīw
2nd dual	*galpōdēdudiz	*galpōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*galpōdēdum	*galpōdēdīm
2nd plural	*galpōdēdud	*galpōdēdīd
3rd plural	*galpōdēdun	*galpōdēdīn

	present	past
participles	*galpōndz	*galpōdaz

Related terms

*gelpaną

Descendants

Old English: *galpian, *gealpian; gealpettan
- Middle English: galpen, *ȝalpen, *yalpen, yolpen
  - Scots: gaulp, gaup
  - English: galp, yaup, yawp, yap
Old Frisian: *galpia
- North Frisian: galpe
- Saterland Frisian: galpje
- West Frisian: gjalpje, gjealpje, gjalpe
Old Saxon: galpōn
- Middle Low German: galpen
  - Low German: galpen
Frankish: *galpōn
- Old Dutch: *galpon
  - Middle Dutch: galpen
    - Dutch: galpen
- Old Occitan: jauper, japer
  - Old French: japer
    - Middle French: japper
      - French: japper
Old Norse: *galpa
- Swedish: galpa (dialectal)