< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gailaz
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *gʰoylos (“frothing, arrogant, tempestuous, violent, wanton”). Cognate of Proto-Balto-Slavic *gailas.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɣɑi̯.lɑz/
Adjective
*gailaz
- merry, excited, lush, beautiful, lustful
Inflection
Declension of *gailaz (a-stem)
| Strong declension | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *gailaz | *gailai | *gailō | *gailôz | *gailą, -atō | *gailō |
| Accusative | *gailanǭ | *gailanz | *gailǭ | *gailōz | *gailą, -atō | *gailō |
| Genitive | *gailas, -is | *gailaizǫ̂ | *gailaizōz | *gailaizǫ̂ | *gailas, -is | *gailaizǫ̂ |
| Dative | *gailammai | *gailaimaz | *gailaizōi | *gailaimaz | *gailammai | *gailaimaz |
| Instrumental | *gailanō | *gailaimiz | *gailaizō | *gailaimiz | *gailanō | *gailaimiz |
| Weak declension | ||||||
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *gailô | *gailaniz | *gailǭ | *gailōniz | *gailô | *gailōnō |
| Accusative | *gailanų | *gailanunz | *gailōnų | *gailōnunz | *gailô | *gailōnō |
| Genitive | *gailiniz | *gailanǫ̂ | *gailōniz | *gailōnǫ̂ | *gailiniz | *gailanǫ̂ |
| Dative | *gailini | *gailammaz | *gailōni | *gailōmaz | *gailini | *gailammaz |
| Instrumental | *gailinē | *gailammiz | *gailōnē | *gailōmiz | *gailinē | *gailammiz |
Derived terms
- *gailaskapiz
- *gailijaną
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *gail
- Old English: gāl
- Middle English: gal, gol
- English: gole (dialectal)
- Middle English: gal, gol
- Old Frisian: *gāl, *gēl
- Saterland Frisian: gail (perhaps borrowed from Low German or German)
- West Frisian: geil (possibly from Dutch)
- Old Saxon: gēl
- Middle Low German: geil
- German Low German: geil
- Middle Low German: geil
- Old Dutch: *gēl, *geil
- Middle Dutch: geel, gheil
- Dutch: geil
- Middle Dutch: geel, gheil
- Old High German: geil, keil
- Middle High German: geil
- German: geil
- → Danish: geil
- German: geil
- Middle High German: geil
- Old English: gāl
- Old Norse: *geilr, geiligr
- (Icelandic: gáll m)
- Swedish: gäl (dialectal)
- Gutnish: geil
- Westrobothnian: gjäl
- Vandalic: *gaila- (early), *gēla- (late)