< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gaigijaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *gʰeyǵʰ-, *gʰeygʰ- (“to gape, protrude”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰēy(w)-, *ǵʰyāw- (“to yawn, gape”)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɣɑi̯.ɣi.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*gaigijaną[1]
- to move back and forth, to swing
- to take a wrong direction, to transgress
Inflection
Conjugation of *gaigijaną (weak class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *gaigijō | *gaigijaų | — | *gaigijai | *? |
| 2nd singular | *gaigīsi | *gaigijais | *gaigī | *gaigijasai | *gaigijaisau |
| 3rd singular | *gaigīþi | *gaigijai | *gaigijaþau | *gaigijaþai | *gaigijaiþau |
| 1st dual | *gaigijōs | *gaigijaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *gaigijaþiz | *gaigijaiþiz | *gaigijaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *gaigijamaz | *gaigijaim | — | *gaigijanþai | *gaigijainþau |
| 2nd plural | *gaigīþ | *gaigijaiþ | *gaigīþ | *gaigijanþai | *gaigijainþau |
| 3rd plural | *gaigijanþi | *gaigijain | *gaigijanþau | *gaigijanþai | *gaigijainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *gaigidǭ | *gaigidēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *gaigidēz | *gaigidēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *gaigidē | *gaigidēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *gaigidēdū | *gaigidēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *gaigidēdudiz | *gaigidēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *gaigidēdum | *gaigidēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *gaigidēdud | *gaigidēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *gaigidēdun | *gaigidēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *gaigijandz | *gaigidaz | |||
Related terms
- *gīgāną
Descendants
- West Germanic: *gaigijan
- Old English: *gǣgan
- ⇒ Old English: forgǣgan
- ⇒ Old English: ofergǣgan
- >? English: geg
- Old Frisian: gēia
- Old High German: *geigen
- Middle High German: *geigen
- German: geigen (possibly from *gīgāną instead)
- Middle High German: *geigen
- Old English: *gǣgan
- Old Norse: geiga
- Norwegian Nynorsk: geige
References
- Orel, Vladimir (2003) , “*ʒaiʒjanan ~ *ʒaiʒōjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 122