< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fōdijaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
Causative derived from a lost strong verb *faþaną, from pre-Germanic *ph₂t- a zero-grade present form of Proto-Indo-European *peh₂- (“protect, guard, graze, feed”) extended with *-t-. Compare Ancient Greek πατέομαι (patéomai, “to eat”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɸɔː.ði.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*fōdijaną[1][2]
- to feed
- to give birth
Inflection
Conjugation of *fōdijaną (weak class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *fōdijō | *fōdijaų | — | *fōdijai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *fōdīsi | *fōdijais | *fōdī | *fōdijasai | *fōdijaisau |
| 3rd singular | *fōdīþi | *fōdijai | *fōdijaþau | *fōdijaþai | *fōdijaiþau |
| 1st dual | *fōdijōs | *fōdijaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *fōdijaþiz | *fōdijaiþiz | *fōdijaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *fōdijamaz | *fōdijaim | — | *fōdijanþai | *fōdijainþau |
| 2nd plural | *fōdīþ | *fōdijaiþ | *fōdīþ | *fōdijanþai | *fōdijainþau |
| 3rd plural | *fōdijanþi | *fōdijain | *fōdijanþau | *fōdijanþai | *fōdijainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *fōdidǭ | *fōdidēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *fōdidēz | *fōdidēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *fōdidē | *fōdidēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *fōdidēdū | *fōdidēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *fōdidēdudiz | *fōdidēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *fōdidēdum | *fōdidēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *fōdidēdud | *fōdidēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *fōdidēdun | *fōdidēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *fōdijandz | *fōdidaz | |||
Derived terms
- *fōdīniz
- *fōdislą
Related terms
- *fadōną
- *fōdô
- *fōdrą
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *fōdijan
- Old English: fēdan
- Middle English: feden
- Scots: fede, feid
- English: feed
- Middle English: feden
- Old Frisian: fēda
- West Frisian: fiede
- Old Saxon: fōdian
- Middle Low German: vö̂den
- German Low German: föden
- Middle Low German: vö̂den
- Old Dutch: *fuoden
- Middle Dutch: voeden
- Dutch: voeden
- Middle Dutch: voeden
- Old High German: fuotan
- Old English: fēdan
- Old Norse: fǿða, fœða; fæða
- Icelandic: fæða
- Faroese: føða
- Norwegian: føde
- Old Swedish: fø̄þa
- Swedish: föda
- Old Danish: føthæ
- Danish: føde
- Gothic: 𐍆𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (fōdjan)
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*fōdjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 150
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*fōđjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 109