< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fulgāną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
Uncertain. Possibly originated as a compound of the roots of *fullaz (“full”) and *gāną (“to go”), with a sense of "full-going". This could have shifted to a meaning of "to serve, go with as an attendant" (compare also fulfill).
Alternatively, may be derived from Proto-Indo-European *pelḱ-, *polḱ- (“to turn, twist, wind”), which itself might have merged with another verb to form Proto-Germanic *felhaną (“to conceal”), but also ("to go, proceed").[1]
Verb
*fulgāną
- to follow
Inflection
Conjugation of *fulgāną (weak class 3)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *fulgō | ? | — | ? | ? |
| 2nd singular | *fulgaisi | ? | *fulgai | *fulgāsai | ? |
| 3rd singular | *fulgaiþi | ? | *fulgāþau | *fulgāþai | ? |
| 1st dual | *fulgōs | ? | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *fulgāþiz | ? | *fulgāþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *fulgāmaz | ? | — | *fulgānþai | ? |
| 2nd plural | *fulgaiþ | ? | *fulgaiþ | *fulgānþai | ? |
| 3rd plural | *fulgānþi | ? | *fulgānþau | *fulgānþai | ? |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *fulgadǭ | *fulgadēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *fulgadēz | *fulgadēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *fulgadē | *fulgadēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *fulgadēdū | *fulgadēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *fulgadēdudiz | *fulgadēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *fulgadēdum | *fulgadēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *fulgadēdud | *fulgadēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *fulgadēdun | *fulgadēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *fulgāndz | *fulgadaz | |||
Related terms
- *fulgijaną
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *folgēn
- Old English: folgian
- Middle English: folwen
- English: follow
- Scots: follae, folȝe, folow, falow
- Middle English: folwen
- Old Frisian: folgia, fulgia, folia
- Saterland Frisian: foulgje
- West Frisian: folgje
- Old Saxon: folgon, fulgon
- Middle Low German: volgen
- German Low German: folgen
- Middle Low German: volgen
- Old Dutch: folgon
- Middle Dutch: volgen
- Dutch: volgen
- Afrikaans: volg
- Negerhollands: volg, folok, folk
- → Saramaccan: flakka, faáka
- Limburgish: vólge
- Dutch: volgen
- Middle Dutch: volgen
- Old High German: folgēn, folkēn
- Middle High German: volgen
- Alemannic German: folge
- Bavarian:
- Cimbrian: vòlgan, bòlgan
- Mòcheno: volng
- German: folgen
- Luxembourgish: follegen
- Yiddish: פֿאָלגן (folgn)
- Middle High German: volgen
- Old English: folgian
- Old Norse: fulger (attested once)
- Old Swedish: folger
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN