< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fukkōną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɸuk.kɔː.nɑ̃/
Etymology 1
From Pre-Germanic *pugnéh₂-. Likely related to Latvian puga (“gust of wind”).
Verb
*fukkōną
- to blow, gust
Inflection
The original paradigm consisted of two stem variants, singular *fukk- against non-singular *fuk-.
Conjugation of *fukkōną (weak class 2)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *fukkō | *fukkǭ | — | *fukkōi | ? |
| 2nd singular | *fukkōsi | *fukkōs | *fukkō | *fukkōsai | *fukkōsau |
| 3rd singular | *fukkōþi | *fukkō | *fukkōþau | *fukkōþai | *fukkōþau |
| 1st dual | *fukkōs | *fukkōw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *fukkōþiz | *fukkōþiz | *fukkōþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *fukkōmaz | *fukkōm | — | *fukkōnþai | *fukkōnþau |
| 2nd plural | *fukkōþ | *fukkōþ | *fukkōþ | *fukkōnþai | *fukkōnþau |
| 3rd plural | *fukkōnþi | *fukkōn | *fukkōnþau | *fukkōnþai | *fukkōnþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *fukkōdǭ | *fukkōdēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *fukkōdēz | *fukkōdēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *fukkōdē | *fukkōdēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *fukkōdēdū | *fukkōdēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *fukkōdēdudiz | *fukkōdēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *fukkōdēdum | *fukkōdēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *fukkōdēdud | *fukkōdēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *fukkōdēdun | *fukkōdēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *fukkōndz | *fukkōdaz | |||
Related terms
- *faukijaną
- *feukaną/*fūkaną
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *fokkōn
- >? Middle Low German: vucken (spurious; localised error for Middle Low German rucken, rücken)
- Old Dutch: *fokkon
- Middle Dutch: vocken
- Old High German: fohhōn, fochōn
- Middle High German: fochen
- Old Norse: *fokka
- Icelandic: fokka
Further reading
- Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
Etymology 2
From Pre-Germanic *pugnéh₂-, likely a zero-grade iterative from Proto-Indo-European *pug-, *pewǵ- (“to strike, assail”). Related to Latin pugnus (“fist”), Ancient Greek πυγμή (pugmḗ, “fist”), possibly also Russian пуга́ть (pugátʹ, “to frighten, scare”).
Verb
*fukkōną
- to strike, assail
- to copulate
Inflection
The original paradigm consisted of two stem variants, singular *fukk- against non-singular *fuk-.
Conjugation of *fukkōną (weak class 2)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *fukkō | *fukkǭ | — | *fukkōi | ? |
| 2nd singular | *fukkōsi | *fukkōs | *fukkō | *fukkōsai | *fukkōsau |
| 3rd singular | *fukkōþi | *fukkō | *fukkōþau | *fukkōþai | *fukkōþau |
| 1st dual | *fukkōs | *fukkōw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *fukkōþiz | *fukkōþiz | *fukkōþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *fukkōmaz | *fukkōm | — | *fukkōnþai | *fukkōnþau |
| 2nd plural | *fukkōþ | *fukkōþ | *fukkōþ | *fukkōnþai | *fukkōnþau |
| 3rd plural | *fukkōnþi | *fukkōn | *fukkōnþau | *fukkōnþai | *fukkōnþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *fukkōdǭ | *fukkōdēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *fukkōdēz | *fukkōdēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *fukkōdē | *fukkōdēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *fukkōdēdū | *fukkōdēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *fukkōdēdudiz | *fukkōdēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *fukkōdēdum | *fukkōdēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *fukkōdēdud | *fukkōdēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *fukkōdēdun | *fukkōdēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *fukkōndz | *fukkōdaz | |||
Related terms
- *faukōną
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *fukkōn
- Old English: *fuccian
- → Middle English: *fukken, *fuken
- English: fuck
- Chinese: 法克
- French: fuck, fucker
- Icelandic: fokk
- Japanese: ファック
- Norwegian: fucke
- Norwegian Nynorsk: fucka
- Russian: фак (fak)
- Serbo-Croatian: fak, фак
- Welsh: ffwcio
- Middle Scots: fuk, fuck
- Scots: fuck, fuk
- English: fuck
- → Middle English: *fukken, *fuken
- Old Frisian: *fokkia
- West Frisian: fokje
- Old Dutch: *fokkon, *fukkon
- Middle Dutch: fokken
- Dutch: fokken
- → West Frisian: fokke
- Dutch: fokken
- Middle Dutch: fokken
- >? Old High German: fitafuhhōn (with uncertain initial component)
- Old English: *fuccian
- Old Norse: *fukka
- Norwegian: fukka (dialectal)
- Swedish: fokka (Bohuslän)