< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/frōdijaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From *frōdaz + *-janą.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɸrɔː.ði.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*frōdijaną[1]
- to make wise; instruct; teach; advise
Inflection
Conjugation of *frōdijaną (weak class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *frōdijō | *frōdijaų | — | *frōdijai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *frōdīsi | *frōdijais | *frōdī | *frōdijasai | *frōdijaisau |
| 3rd singular | *frōdīþi | *frōdijai | *frōdijaþau | *frōdijaþai | *frōdijaiþau |
| 1st dual | *frōdijōs | *frōdijaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *frōdijaþiz | *frōdijaiþiz | *frōdijaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *frōdijamaz | *frōdijaim | — | *frōdijanþai | *frōdijainþau |
| 2nd plural | *frōdīþ | *frōdijaiþ | *frōdīþ | *frōdijanþai | *frōdijainþau |
| 3rd plural | *frōdijanþi | *frōdijain | *frōdijanþau | *frōdijanþai | *frōdijainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *frōdidǭ | *frōdidēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *frōdidēz | *frōdidēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *frōdidē | *frōdidēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *frōdidēdū | *frōdidēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *frōdidēdudiz | *frōdidēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *frōdidēdum | *frōdidēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *frōdidēdud | *frōdidēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *frōdidēdun | *frōdidēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *frōdijandz | *frōdidaz | |||
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *frōdijan
- Old English: frēdan
- Middle English: freden
- English: frede
- Middle English: freden
- Old Dutch: *fruoden
- Middle Dutch: vroeden; (bevroeden)
- Dutch: vroeden; (bevroeden)
- Middle Dutch: vroeden; (bevroeden)
- Old High German: fruotēn
- Middle High German: vrüeten
- Old English: frēdan
- Old Norse: frǿða
- Icelandic: fræða
References
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*frōđjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 115