< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/frustāną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From *frustaz (“frost”) + *-āną.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɸrus.tɑː.nɑ̃/
Verb
*frustāną
- to become frosty, to freeze
Inflection
Conjugation of *frustāną (weak class 3)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *frustō | *? | — | *? | *? |
| 2nd singular | *frustaisi | *? | *frustai | *frustāsai | *? |
| 3rd singular | *frustaiþi | *? | *frustāþau | *frustāþai | *? |
| 1st dual | *frustōs | *? | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *frustāþiz | *? | *frustāþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *frustāmaz | *? | — | *frustānþai | *? |
| 2nd plural | *frustaiþ | *? | *frustaiþ | *frustānþai | *? |
| 3rd plural | *frustānþi | *? | *frustānþau | *frustānþai | *? |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *frustadǭ | *frustadēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *frustadēz | *frustadēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *frustadē | *frustadēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *frustadēdū | *frustadēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *frustadēdudiz | *frustadēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *frustadēdum | *frustadēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *frustadēdud | *frustadēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *frustadēdun | *frustadēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *frustāndz | *frustadaz | |||
Related terms
- *freusaną
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *frostēn
- Old Frisian: frostia
- Old Dutch: *froston
- Middle Dutch: vorsten
- Dutch: vorsten
- Middle Dutch: vorsten
- Old High German: *frostēn
- ⇒ Old High German: irfrostēn
- Middle High German: vrosten
- German: frosten
- Old Norse: frosta