Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/frustaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *prustós (“frost”). Cognate with Latin pruīna (“hoarfrost, frost”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɸrus.tɑz/

Noun

*frustaz m

cold; frost; freezing weather
(possibly) frost; rime (minute ice crystals)
Synonyms: *hrīmaz, *hrīpô

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *frustaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*frustaz	frustōz, frustōs
vocative	*frust	frustōz, frustōs
accusative	*frustą	*frustanz
genitive	frustas, frustis	*frustǫ̂
dative	*frustai	*frustamaz
instrumental	*frustō	*frustamiz

Derived terms

*frustāną

Related terms

*freusaną

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *frost
- Old English: forst, frost
  - Middle English: frost, forst, froste
    - English: frost
    - Scots: frost
    - Yola: vrosth, vroste, vrast
- Old Frisian: frost, forst
  - Saterland Frisian: Froast, Fröäst
  - West Frisian: froast
- Old Saxon: frost
  - Middle Low German: vrost
    - German Low German: Fröst
- Old Dutch: *frost, forst
  - Middle Dutch: vorst
    - Dutch: vorst
    - Limburgish: vrós
- Old High German: frost
  - Middle High German: vrost
    - Cimbrian: vròst, bròst, vrost
    - German: Frost
    - Luxembourgish: Frascht
    - Vilamovian: fröst
Old Norse: frost
- Icelandic: frost
- Faroese: frost, frostur m (masculine is archaic)
- Norwegian: frost
- Old Swedish: frost
  - Swedish: frost
- Danish: frost
- Westrobothnian: fröyst (also via frööys (verb)), frass-