< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/frumjaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From *fram (“from”), from Proto-Indo-European *pr-, *pro-, *perəm-, *prom- (“forth, forward”), from *por- (“forward, through”), *per-, with suffix *-janą.[1][2][3] More at English furnish, from.
Verb
*frumjaną
- to perform, promote
- to accomplish
Inflection
Conjugation of *frumjaną (weak class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *frumjō | *frumjaų | — | *frumjai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *frumisi | *frumjais | *frumi | *frumjasai | *frumjaisau |
| 3rd singular | *frumiþi | *frumjai | *frumjaþau | *frumjaþai | *frumjaiþau |
| 1st dual | *frumjōs | *frumjaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *frumjaþiz | *frumjaiþiz | *frumjaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *frumjamaz | *frumjaim | — | *frumjanþai | *frumjainþau |
| 2nd plural | *frumiþ | *frumjaiþ | *frumiþ | *frumjanþai | *frumjainþau |
| 3rd plural | *frumjanþi | *frumjain | *frumjanþau | *frumjanþai | *frumjainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *frumidǭ | *frumidēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *frumidēz | *frumidēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *frumidē | *frumidēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *frumidēdū | *frumidēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *frumidēdudiz | *frumidēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *frumidēdum | *frumidēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *frumidēdud | *frumidēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *frumidēdun | *frumidēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *frumjandz | *frumidaz | |||
Synonyms
- *framjaną
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *frummjan
- Old Saxon: frummian
- Middle Low German: vromen
- Old High German: frummen
- Middle High German: vrümen, vrumen, vromen
- German: frommen
- Middle High German: vrümen, vrumen, vromen
- → Catalan: fornir
- → Old French: fornir, furnir; /parfornir, parfurnir
- French: fournir
- → German: furnieren
- → Middle English: furnysshen; performen, parfournen
- English: furnish; perform
- French: fournir
- → Italian: fornire
- → Piedmontese: fornì
- Old Saxon: frummian
- Gothic: *𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*frumjan)
- → Vulgar Latin: frummiare
References
- “Proto-Germanic/frumjaną”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 5th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2016, →ISBN.
- Roberts, Edward A. (2014) A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Spanish Language with Families of Words based on Indo-European Roots, Xlibris Corporation, →ISBN
- Oxford English Dictionary, 1884–1928, and First Supplement, 1933.