< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/frawurkijaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From *fra- + *wurkijaną.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˌɸrɑ.ˈwur.ki.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*frawurkijaną
- to work ill, do wrong; to sin
Inflection
Conjugation of *frawurkijaną (weak class 1 j-present)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *frawurkijō | *frawurkijaų | — | *frawurkijai | *? |
| 2nd singular | *frawurkīsi | *frawurkijais | *frawurkī | *frawurkijasai | *frawurkijaisau |
| 3rd singular | *frawurkīþi | *frawurkijai | *frawurkijaþau | *frawurkijaþai | *frawurkijaiþau |
| 1st dual | *frawurkijōs | *frawurkijaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *frawurkijaþiz | *frawurkijaiþiz | *frawurkijaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *frawurkijamaz | *frawurkijaim | — | *frawurkijanþai | *frawurkijainþau |
| 2nd plural | *frawurkīþ | *frawurkijaiþ | *frawurkīþ | *frawurkijanþai | *frawurkijainþau |
| 3rd plural | *frawurkijanþi | *frawurkijain | *frawurkijanþau | *frawurkijanþai | *frawurkijainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *frawurhtǭ | *frawurhtēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *frawurhtēz | *frawurhtēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *frawurhtē | *frawurhtēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *frawurhtēdū | *frawurhtēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *frawurhtēdudiz | *frawurhtēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *frawurhtēdum | *frawurhtēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *frawurhtēdud | *frawurhtēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *frawurhtēdun | *frawurhtēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *frawurkijandz | *frawurhtaz | |||
Derived terms
- *frawurhtiz
Descendants
- Old English: forwyrcan
- Middle English: forwurchen
- English: forwork
- Middle English: forwurchen
- Old High German: firwurken
- Gothic: 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌽 (frawaurkjan)