< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/frawaz
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Pre-Germanic *prow-os, likely from Proto-Indo-European *prew- (“to jump, hop”). Cognate with Sanskrit प्रवते (právate, “to jump, leap”).[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɸrɑ.wɑz/
Adjective
*frawaz
- happy
- energetic
Inflection
Declension of *frawaz (a-stem)
| Strong declension | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *frawaz | *frawai | *frawō | *frawôz | *frawą, -atō | *frawō |
| Accusative | *frawanǭ | *frawanz | *frawǭ | *frawōz | *frawą, -atō | *frawō |
| Genitive | *frawas, -is | *frawaizǫ̂ | *frawaizōz | *frawaizǫ̂ | *frawas, -is | *frawaizǫ̂ |
| Dative | *frawammai | *frawaimaz | *frawaizōi | *frawaimaz | *frawammai | *frawaimaz |
| Instrumental | *frawanō | *frawaimiz | *frawaizō | *frawaimiz | *frawanō | *frawaimiz |
| Weak declension | ||||||
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *frawô | *frawaniz | *frawǭ | *frawōniz | *frawô | *frawōnō |
| Accusative | *frawanų | *frawanunz | *frawōnų | *frawōnunz | *frawô | *frawōnō |
| Genitive | *frawiniz | *frawanǫ̂ | *frawōniz | *frawōnǫ̂ | *frawiniz | *frawanǫ̂ |
| Dative | *frawini | *frawammaz | *frawōni | *frawōmaz | *frawini | *frawammaz |
| Instrumental | *frawinē | *frawammiz | *frawōnē | *frawōmiz | *frawinē | *frawammiz |
Derived terms
- *frawiþō
- *frawjaną
- *frawalīkaz
- Old Frisian: frōlik
- West Frisian: frolyck
- Old Saxon: *frōlīk
- Middle Low German: vrȫlîk, vroulîk, vroilik
- German Low German: froihlik
- Middle Low German: vrȫlîk, vroulîk, vroilik
- Old Dutch: frōlīk
- Middle Dutch: vrolic
- Dutch: vrolijk
- Afrikaans: vrolik
- → English: frolic
- Dutch: vrolijk
- Middle Dutch: vrolic
- Old High German: frawalīh, frōlīh
- Middle High German: vrœlich
- German: fröhlich
- Pennsylvania German: freehlich/frehlich
- Silesian German: frehlich
- Middle High German: vrœlich
- Old Frisian: frōlik
Related terms
- *fruwiþō
Descendants
- Old Frisian: frē, frō
- Old Saxon: frā
- Middle Low German: vrô
- Plautdietsch: froo
- → Danish: fro
- Middle Low German: vrô
- Old Dutch: *frō, frōlīk
- Middle Dutch: fro, vro, vroe
- Old High German: frō, frao, frāo
- Middle High German: vrō
- Bavarian: froh
- Cimbrian: fròo
- Central Franconian: fruh, froh
- Luxembourgish: frou
- German: froh
- Silesian German: fruh
- Bavarian: froh
- Middle High German: vrō
- Old Norse: frár, frór
- Icelandic: frár, frór
- Faroese: fróur
- Old Swedish: frār
- Dalian: frår
- Helsingian: frå
- ⇒ Westrobothnian: frȯijen
- Gothic: *𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌿𐍃 (*fraus) (in given names)
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN