< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/frastandaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Alternative forms
- *farstandaną
Etymology
From *fra- + *standaną.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˌɸrɑ.ˈstɑn.dɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*frastandaną
- to oppose
- to understand
Inflection
Present tense with n-infix. The past tense forms are shared with the synonymous suppletive verb *frastāną.
Conjugation of *frastandaną (strong class 6)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *frastandō | *frastandaų | — | *frastandai | *? |
| 2nd singular | *frastandizi | *frastandaiz | *frastand | *frastandazai | *frastandaizau |
| 3rd singular | *frastandidi | *frastandai | *frastandadau | *frastandadai | *frastandaidau |
| 1st dual | *frastandōz | *frastandaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *frastandadiz | *frastandaidiz | *frastandadiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *frastandamaz | *frastandaim | — | *frastandandai | *frastandaindau |
| 2nd plural | *frastandid | *frastandaid | *frastandid | *frastandandai | *frastandaindau |
| 3rd plural | *frastandandi | *frastandain | *frastandandau | *frastandandai | *frastandaindau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *frastōþ | *frastōdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *frastōst | *frastōdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *frastōþ | *frastōdī | |||
| 1st dual | *frastōdū | *frastōdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *frastōdudiz | *frastōdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *frastōdum | *frastōdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *frastōdud | *frastōdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *frastōdun | *frastōdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *frastandandz | *frastadanaz | |||
Related terms
- *frastāną
Descendants
- Old English: forstandan
- Middle English: forstanden
- Scots: forstand
- English: forstand
- Middle English: forstanden
- Old Frisian: forstanda, forstonda
- Saterland Frisian: ferstounde
- Old Saxon: farstandan
- Middle Low German: vörstenden
- Old High German: firstantan